Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Centro de Epidemiologia y Vigilancia de las Enfermedades Orales (CEVEO), Santiago, Chile.
Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Odontología, Departmento de Odontología Conservadora, Santiago, Chile.
J Appl Oral Sci. 2023 Jul 3;31:e20230100. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0100. eCollection 2023.
Despite the recognized impact of diet on non-communicable diseases, the association between the Mediterranean diet and periodontal diseases is still uncertain. This study aimed to determine the association between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Index (MDI) and self-reported gingival health status in Chilean adults, exploring the feasibility of using validated web-based survey questionnaires.
Cross-sectional data were collected from a representative sample of a population of Chilean adults (18-60 years old) using a low-cost and time-saving methodology. By the PsyToolkit platform, anonymous survey data were downloaded and analyzed in bivariate (crude) and backward stepwise selection multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic determinants, smoking, and dental attendance using STATA 17. Odds ratios (OR) [95% confidence intervals] were estimated.
In total, 351 complete statistical data were mostly obtained from female university students who had never smoked and reported having visited a dentist in the previous year. Multivariate regression models showed an association between MDI and very good/good gingival health status (OR 1.18 [95% CI 1.04-1.34], p=0.013), absence of bleeding on toothbrushing (OR 1.12 [95% CI 1.01-1.25], p=0.035), and absence of clinical signs of gingival inflammation (OR 1.24 [95% CI 1.10-1.40], p<0.001), after controlling for age, sex, educational level, smoking, and dental attendance.
We associated adherence to the Mediterranean diet with better self-reported gingival health status in a population of Chilean adults in an entirely web-based research environment. Longitudinal studies with random sampling are required to establish the effect of diet on gingival and periodontal health. Nevertheless, this evidence could contribute to the design of low-cost surveillance programs to reduce the burden of periodontal disease and related "common risk factors".
尽管人们已经认识到饮食对非传染性疾病的影响，但地中海饮食与牙周病之间的关联仍不确定。本研究旨在确定智利成年人对地中海饮食指数（MDI）的依从性与自我报告的牙龈健康状况之间的关系，并探索使用经过验证的基于网络的调查问卷的可行性。
使用一种低成本、省时的方法，从智利成年人（18-60 岁）的代表性样本中收集横断面数据。通过 PsyToolkit 平台，匿名调查数据被下载，并使用 STATA 17 进行了双变量（原始）和逐步向后选择多元逻辑回归模型分析，调整了社会人口统计学决定因素、吸烟和牙科就诊情况。估计了比值比（OR）[95%置信区间]。
共有 351 份完整的统计数据主要来自从未吸烟的女性大学生，他们报告在过去一年中看过牙医。多变量回归模型显示，MDI 与非常好/好的牙龈健康状况（OR 1.18 [95%CI 1.04-1.34]，p=0.013）、刷牙时无出血（OR 1.12 [95%CI 1.01-1.25]，p=0.035）和无临床牙龈炎症迹象（OR 1.24 [95%CI 1.10-1.40]，p<0.001）之间存在关联，在控制了年龄、性别、教育水平、吸烟和牙科就诊情况后。
我们在一个完全基于网络的研究环境中，将地中海饮食的依从性与智利成年人的自我报告的牙龈健康状况联系起来。需要进行随机抽样的纵向研究来确定饮食对牙龈和牙周健康的影响。然而，这一证据可能有助于设计低成本的监测计划，以减轻牙周病和相关“共同危险因素”的负担。
