Mohapatra Ranjan K, Kutikuppala Lakshmi V S, Kandi Venkataramana, Mishra Snehasish, Rabaan Ali A, Costa Sharo, Al-Qaim Zahraa Haleem, Padhi Bijaya K, Sah Ranjit
Department of Chemistry Government College of Engineering Keonjhar Odisha India.
Department of General Surgery Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh India.
Health Sci Rep. 2023 Jul 2;6(7):e1384. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1384. eCollection 2023 Jul.
Rift valley fever (RVF) virus (RVFV) is reportedly steadily circulating in Mauritania being repeated in 1987, 2010, 2012, 2015, and 2020. Mauritania seems a preferred niche for RVF virus due to its persistent outbreak there. Lately, nine Mauritanian wilayas confirmed 47 (23 fatalities with 49% CFR) human cases between August 30 and October 17, 2022. Most of the cases were largely among livestock breeders associated with animal husbandry activities. The review aimed at understanding the origin, cause, and measures to counter the virus.
The facts and figures from the various published articles sourced from databases including Pubmed, Web of Science, and the Scopus as also some primary data from health agencies like WHO, CDC, and so forth were evaluated and the efficacy of countermeasures reviewed.
Among the reported confirmed cases, it was found that 3-70 year age-group males outnumbered the females. Deaths after fever occurred primarily due to acute hemorrhagic thrombocytopenia. Human infections often occurred through zoonotic transmission mainly through mosquitoes in the population contiguous to cattle outbreak, a conducive site for local RVFV transmission. Many transmission cases were through direct or indirect contact with blood or organs of the infected animal.
RVFV infection was predominant in the Mauritanian regions bordering Mali, Senegal, and Algeria. High human and domesticated animal density as also the existing zoonotic vectors further contributed to RVF virus circulation. Mauritanian RVF infection data confirmed that RVFV was zoonotic that included small ruminants, cattle, and camel. This observation hints at the role of transborder animal mobility in RVFV transmission. In light of this, preventive approaches with effective surveillance and monitoring system following the One Health model is extremely beneficial for a free and fair healthy world for all.
据报道，裂谷热（RVF）病毒（RVFV）在毛里塔尼亚持续传播，曾于1987年、2010年、2012年、2015年和2020年出现疫情。由于毛里塔尼亚持续爆发裂谷热疫情，它似乎是裂谷热病毒的一个理想滋生地。最近，2022年8月30日至10月17日期间，毛里塔尼亚的9个省确诊了47例人类病例（23例死亡，病死率为49%）。大多数病例主要发生在从事畜牧业活动的牲畜饲养者中。该综述旨在了解病毒的起源、成因及应对措施。
对来自包括PubMed、科学网和Scopus等数据库的各种已发表文章中的事实和数据，以及世界卫生组织、美国疾病控制与预防中心等卫生机构的一些原始数据进行了评估，并对应对措施的效果进行了审查。
在报告的确诊病例中，发现3至70岁年龄组的男性多于女性。发热后死亡主要是由于急性出血性血小板减少症。人类感染通常通过人畜共患病传播，主要是通过与牛群疫情相邻地区的蚊子传播，这是当地裂谷热病毒传播的一个有利场所。许多传播病例是通过直接或间接接触受感染动物的血液或器官。
裂谷热病毒感染在与马里、塞内加尔和阿尔及利亚接壤的毛里塔尼亚地区最为严重。高人口密度和家畜密度以及现有的人畜共患病传播媒介进一步促使裂谷热病毒传播。毛里塔尼亚裂谷热感染数据证实，裂谷热病毒是人畜共患病，涉及小型反刍动物、牛和骆驼。这一观察结果暗示了跨境动物流动在裂谷热病毒传播中的作用。有鉴于此，采用“同一健康”模式建立有效的监测系统的预防方法，对实现一个人人自由、公平享有健康的世界极为有益。
