Loss Julika, Blume Miriam, Neuperdt Laura, Flerlage Nadine, Weihrauch Tim, Manz Kristin, Thamm Roma, Poethko-Müller Christina, Mauz Elvira, Rattay Petra, Allen Jennifer, Tschorn Mira
Robert Koch Institute, Berlin Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring.
University of Potsdam, Social and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences.
J Health Monit. 2023 Jun 14;8(2):39-56. doi: 10.25646/11436. eCollection 2023 Jun.
It is well known that there are gender differences in the health behaviour and physical and mental health of children. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the health and lifestyles of children and adolescents by changing their living conditions. The present work investigates whether gender differences in selected health indicators are evident more than two years after the onset of the pandemic.
In the study Kindergesundheit in Deutschland aktuell (KIDA) (German Children's Health Update), cross-sectional telephone surveys were conducted with parents of 3- to 15-year-olds (n=3,478). Parental information on the general and mental health of the child, on increased need for health care and mental health services, as well as on physical activity and utilisation of sports activities were queried in standardised manner. Gender differences were assessed using Chi tests.
A total of 91% of the girls and 92% of the boys had their general health assessed as being (very) good by their parents (difference not significant, n.s.). An increased need for care and support was indicated for 10.6% of the 3- to 15-year-olds (girls: 9%, boys: 12%, n.s.). Boys met the physical activity recommendations of the WHO significantly more often (60%) than girls (54%). Good to excellent mental health was reported for 93% of both boys and girls. When changes during the pandemic were reported, no differences were found in the responses for girls compared to boys.
Gender differences were found for individual parameters and age groups. These differences must be assessed in the context of other social determinants of health, and need to be considered when planning preventive measures.
众所周知，儿童的健康行为以及身心健康存在性别差异。新冠疫情通过改变儿童的生活条件，影响了儿童和青少年的健康与生活方式。本研究调查了在疫情爆发两年多后，选定的健康指标中的性别差异是否依然明显。
在“德国儿童健康现状（KIDA）”研究中，对3至15岁儿童的父母进行了横断面电话调查（n = 3478）。以标准化方式询问了父母关于孩子的总体健康和心理健康、对医疗保健和心理健康服务需求增加的情况，以及体育活动和体育活动参与情况。使用卡方检验评估性别差异。
共有91%的女孩和92%的男孩被父母评定总体健康状况为（非常）好（差异不显著，n.s.）。3至15岁儿童中有10.6%表示需要更多的照顾和支持（女孩：9%，男孩：12%，n.s.）。男孩达到世界卫生组织体育活动建议的比例（60%）显著高于女孩（54%）。93%的男孩和女孩报告心理健康状况良好至优秀。在报告疫情期间的变化时，女孩和男孩的回答没有差异。
在个体参数和年龄组中发现了性别差异。这些差异必须在其他健康社会决定因素的背景下进行评估，并且在制定预防措施时需要加以考虑。
