Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
Can J Public Health. 2024 Jan;115(Suppl 1):126-135. doi: 10.17269/s41997-023-00790-5. Epub 2023 Jul 6.
The smoking rate in Canada has declined in past decades, yet smoking rates remain high in Nunavik (northern Québec), where an estimated 80% of adult respondents smoke. We investigated sociodemographic factors, smoking behaviours, harm perception, and social support as determinants of smoking cessation attempts and successes among Nunavimmiut.
Past year smoking frequency, quantity smoked, and cessation attempts and aids were documented in a sample of 1326 Nunavimmiut aged 16 and over in the Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 survey. Sociodemographic indicators, social support, cessation aids, and smoking harm perception were investigated as potential determinants. All factors were modeled by logistic regressions and adjusted for age and sex.
Thirty-nine percent of smokers tried to quit smoking in the preceding year, and 6% of those were successful. Older Nunavimmiut (aOR = 0.84 [0.78, 0.90]) and those smoking 20 + cigarettes/day (aOR = 0.94 [0.90, 0.98]) were less likely to attempt to quit. Ungava coast residents (aOR = 1.87 [1.36, 2.57]), separated/widowed/divorced individuals (aOR = 2.43 [1.09, 5.38]), and occasional smokers (aOR = 2.77 [1.61, 4.76]) compared to those living on the Hudson coast, single individuals, and daily smokers, respectively, were more likely to report cessation attempts. Most used no particular cessation aid (58%), 28% relied on family/self-help/support programs, and 26% used medication. Women were more likely to rely on spirituality/traditional methods (aOR = 1.92 [1.00, 3.71]) and less likely to rely on electronic cigarettes (aOR = 0.33 [0.13, 0.84]), as were older participants (aOR = 0.67 [0.49, 0.94]). Those with more years of schooling were more likely to rely on electronic cigarettes (aOR = 1.47 [1.06, 2.02]). These estimates are prone to biases due to the relatively low participation rate in the survey (37%).
Despite many attempts reported by participants, regional partners of this study underlined that successful smoking cessation remains a challenge for many Nunavimmiut. Key differences were identified in approaches and determinants of smoking cessation attempts, but most smokers did not use cessation aids. These results are in line with the experience of the Inuit partners of this study and can inform targeted public health interventions to support the many Nunavimmiut trying to quit smoking, notably increasing accessibility and acceptability of cessation aids. Inuit partners of this study highlighted the importance for interventions and communication efforts to reflect Nunavik's context.
尽管在过去几十年中，加拿大的吸烟率有所下降，但在努纳武特（魁北克北部），吸烟率仍然很高，估计有 80%的成年受访者吸烟。我们调查了社会人口因素、吸烟行为、危害感知和社会支持，以确定努纳武特人戒烟尝试和成功的决定因素。
在 2017 年的 Qanuilirpitaa?调查中，对 1326 名 16 岁及以上的努纳武特人记录了过去一年的吸烟频率、吸烟量以及戒烟尝试和辅助措施。研究了社会人口指标、社会支持、戒烟辅助措施和吸烟危害感知等潜在决定因素。所有因素均通过逻辑回归进行建模，并根据年龄和性别进行调整。
39%的吸烟者在前一年尝试戒烟，其中 6%的人成功了。较年长的努纳武特人（aOR=0.84 [0.78, 0.90]）和每天吸烟 20 支或以上的人（aOR=0.94 [0.90, 0.98]）不太可能尝试戒烟。与居住在哈德逊海岸、单身的人以及每天吸烟的人相比，居住在 Ungava 海岸的人（aOR=1.87 [1.36, 2.57]）、离异/丧偶/离婚的人（aOR=2.43 [1.09, 5.38]）和偶尔吸烟者（aOR=2.77 [1.61, 4.76]）更有可能报告戒烟尝试。大多数人没有使用特定的戒烟辅助措施（58%），28%依赖于家庭/自我帮助/支持计划，26%使用药物。女性更有可能依赖于精神信仰/传统方法（aOR=1.92 [1.00, 3.71]），不太可能依赖电子烟（aOR=0.33 [0.13, 0.84]），而年龄较大的参与者（aOR=0.67 [0.49, 0.94]）则不太可能依赖电子烟。接受教育年限较长的人更有可能依赖电子烟（aOR=1.47 [1.06, 2.02]）。由于调查的参与率相对较低（37%），这些估计存在偏差。
尽管参与者报告了许多尝试，但这项研究的努纳武特地区合作伙伴强调，成功戒烟对许多努纳武特人来说仍然是一个挑战。在戒烟尝试的方法和决定因素方面存在明显差异，但大多数吸烟者没有使用戒烟辅助措施。这些结果与该研究的因纽特合作伙伴的经验一致，并为支持许多试图戒烟的努纳武特人提供有针对性的公共卫生干预措施提供了信息，特别是要提高戒烟辅助措施的可及性和可接受性。该研究的因纽特合作伙伴强调了干预措施和沟通工作必须反映努纳武特地区的情况。
