Ishak Ricardo, de Oliveira Guimarães Ishak Marluísa, Abreu Isabella Nogueira, Machado Luiz Fernando Almeida, Lima Sandra Souza, Queiroz Maria Alice Freitas, Cayres-Vallinoto Izaura Maria, Guerreiro João Farias, Vallinoto Antonio Carlos Rosário
Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Jun 22;14:1217134. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1217134. eCollection 2023.
Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) has been described for more than 30 years as an endemic infection in Brazilian indigenous populations, with its occurrence varying by age and sex, maintained mainly by sexual intercourse and mother-to-child transmission, favoring intrafamilial aggregation.
The epidemiological scenario of HTLV-2 infection has been described among communities of the Amazon region of Brazil (ARB), with the number of retrospective positive blood samples increasing for more than 50 years.
Five publications were selected that showed the presence of HTLV-2 in 24 of 41 communities; the prevalence of infection was described among 5,429 individuals at five points in time. Among the Kayapó villages, the prevalence rates were described according to age and sex and reached up to 41.2%. Three communities (Asurini, Araweté, and Kaapor) were kept virus free for 27 to 38 years of surveillance. Low, medium and high prevalence levels of infection were defined, and two pockets of high endemicity were shown in the state of Pará, pointing to the Kikretum and Kubenkokrê Kayapó villages as the epicenter of HTLV-2 in the ARB.
The prevalence rates over the years have shown a decline among the Kayapó (from 37.8 to 18.4%) and an apparent change to a higher prevalence among females, but not during the first decade of life, usually associated with transmission from mother to child. Sociocultural and behavioral aspects, as well as public health policies directed toward sexually transmitted infections, might have positively influenced the decline in HTLV-2 infections.
人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒2（HTLV-2）作为巴西土著居民中的一种地方性感染已被描述了30多年，其感染情况因年龄和性别而异，主要通过性交和母婴传播维持，有利于家族内聚集。
已描述了巴西亚马逊地区（ARB）各社区中HTLV-2感染的流行病学情况，回顾性检测呈阳性的血样数量在50多年里不断增加。
挑选了五篇出版物，这些出版物显示在41个社区中的24个社区存在HTLV-2；描述了在五个时间点对5429名个体的感染率。在卡亚波村庄中，根据年龄和性别描述了感染率，最高达到41.2%。三个社区（阿苏里尼、阿拉韦特和卡波尔）在长达27至38年的监测中未发现病毒。定义了低、中、高感染率水平，并在帕拉州显示了两个高流行区，指出基克雷图姆和库本科克里卡亚波村庄是ARB中HTLV-2的流行中心。
多年来的感染率显示，卡亚波人的感染率有所下降（从37.8%降至18.4%），女性感染率明显上升，但在生命的第一个十年期间没有上升，这通常与母婴传播有关。社会文化和行为方面以及针对性传播感染的公共卫生政策可能对HTLV-2感染率的下降产生了积极影响。
