Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Jul 10;23(1):489. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04946-y.
Interoception plays a vital role in human cognition and emotion and is an increasingly important part of clinical studies of mind-body approaches and mental health. Interoceptive awareness (IA) encompasses numerous mind-body components and can be assessed by employing a self-report measure such as the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA), which has been adapted and validated across several countries and is used in experimental and clinical settings. In this study, the MAIA-2, which was developed due to the psychometric shortages of MAIA, was thoroughly translated, and its psychometric features were examined in a sample of 306 Norwegian-speaking participants (81% females, ages 16 through 66 plus).
The participants completed the MAIA-2 Norwegian version (MAIA-2-N) and the COOP/WONCA Functional Assessment Charts measuring psychological, physical, and overall health. The following psychometric qualities of the MAIA-2 were investigated: factor structure, internal consistency, and the moderating role of gender.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) revealed that an 8-factor model of MAIA-2-N provided the best fit. Also, a bifactor model revealed a proper fit. Good internal consistency and a moderating role of gender, age, and education on the relationships between certain MAIA-2-N factors and health were observed.
The MAIA-2-N is an adequate measure of IA in Norwegian-speaking individuals. The factor-structure corresponds with the original MAIA-2 and it shows good internal consistency. Some moderating effects of gender were observed, particularly related to the relationship between IA and physical and psychological state, with the physical state/fitness more closely linked to IA in males and psychological state in females.
内感受在人类认知和情绪中起着至关重要的作用，并且是身心方法和心理健康的临床研究中越来越重要的一部分。内感受意识（IA）包含许多身心成分，可以通过使用自我报告量表来评估，例如多维内感受意识评估量表（MAIA），该量表已在多个国家进行了改编和验证，并在实验和临床环境中使用。在这项研究中，由于 MAIA 的心理计量学缺陷而开发了 MAIA-2，对其进行了彻底翻译，并在 306 名说挪威语的参与者（81％为女性，年龄在 16 岁至 66 岁以上）样本中检查了其心理计量学特征。
参与者完成了 MAIA-2 挪威语版本（MAIA-2-N）和 COOP/WONCA 功能评估图表，以测量心理，身体和整体健康。研究了 MAIA-2 的以下心理计量学质量：因素结构，内部一致性以及性别对其的调节作用。
验证性因素分析（CFA）表明，MAIA-2-N 的 8 因素模型提供了最佳拟合。此外，双因素模型显示出适当的拟合。观察到 MAIA-2-N 的良好内部一致性以及性别，年龄和教育对某些 MAIA-2-N 因素与健康之间关系的调节作用。
MAIA-2-N 是测量说挪威语的个体内感受的有效工具。因素结构与原始的 MAIA-2 相对应，并且具有良好的内部一致性。观察到一些性别调节作用，特别是与 IA 和身体及心理状态之间的关系有关，在男性中，IA 与身体状态/健康更密切相关，而在女性中则与心理状态有关。
