Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Nutrients. 2023 Apr 29;15(9):2136. doi: 10.3390/nu15092136.
Compared to the general population, people with severe mental illness (SMI) have an increased risk of weight gain and metabolic syndrome, but also of malnutrition, in part due to unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify barriers to healthy eating, including nutrition knowledge and skills in people with SMI. For this purpose, we compared the means of anthropometric data such as body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and interview data on nutrition knowledge and skills, health-related variables, eating behaviours, personality, motivation, and attitudes in 65 inpatients and 67 outpatients of the Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich and 64 healthy adults using ANOVA and chi-squared tests. The results showed that patients with SMI had worse nutritional status and lifestyle compared to the healthy controls, including disordered (e.g., night eating) and unhealthy (e.g., high intake of sugary foods) eating habits. However, levels of nutrition knowledge, cooking and food skills, and motivation to eat healthily were not significantly lower in the psychiatric patients than in the healthy adults and were not associated with weight change. Based on our findings, nutritional support for people with SMI is urgently needed and should include not only educational but also behavioural and long-term approaches.
与一般人群相比，患有严重精神疾病（SMI）的人群体重增加和代谢综合征的风险增加，但也存在营养不良的风险，部分原因是不健康的生活方式行为。本横断面研究旨在确定健康饮食的障碍，包括精神疾病患者的营养知识和技能。为此，我们比较了苏黎世大学精神病院 65 名住院患者和 67 名门诊患者以及 64 名健康成年人的人体测量数据（如体重指数、腰臀比）和访谈数据，包括营养知识和技能、健康相关变量、饮食行为、个性、动机和态度，使用方差分析和卡方检验。结果表明，与健康对照组相比，精神疾病患者的营养状况和生活方式较差，包括饮食紊乱（如夜间进食）和不健康（如高糖食物摄入）的饮食习惯。然而，精神病患者的营养知识水平、烹饪和食物技能水平以及健康饮食的动机并不明显低于健康成年人，与体重变化无关。基于我们的发现，精神疾病患者迫切需要营养支持，不仅应包括教育，还应包括行为和长期方法。
