Department of Medical and Molecular Science, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Virol J. 2023 Jul 11;20(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s12985-023-02106-y.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer are leading health problems and causes of death in many parts of the world. There are ~ 200 HPV types that can infect humans. This study aims to understand the spectrum of HPV infections in Nigerian women with normal or abnormal cytology.
We screened cervical samples from 90 women with possible HPV infections collected in two regional hospitals in Nigeria. The first screening was done using next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS), identifying multiple HPV types in many samples. Thereafter, type-specific PCR analysis was used to verify the NGS-identified HPV types in each sample.
NGS analysis of the 90 samples from the Nigerian cohort identified 44 HPV types. The type-specific PCR confirmed 25 HPV types out of the 44 HPV types detected by NGS, and ~ 10 of these types were the most prevalent. The top five prevalent types found in the Nigerian cohort were HPV71 (17%), HPV82 (15%), HPV16 (16%), HPV6 (10%), and HPV20 (7%). Among the PCR-confirmed HPV types, we found 40.98% high-risk HPV types, 27.22% low-risk HPV types, and 31.15% undetermined HPV types. Among these 25 HPV types in Nigeria, only six were included in the current nine-valent HPV vaccine. We also observed strikingly high multiple HPV infections in most patients, with as many as nine HPV types in a few single samples.
Our NGS-PCR approach of HPV typing in the Nigerian cohort samples unveiled all possible HPV types currently circulating in Nigerian people. We confirmed 25 HPV types using NGS and PCR, with many samples infected with multiple HPV types. However, only six of these types are part of the nine-valent HPV vaccines indicating the need to develop region-specific selective vaccines.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染和宫颈癌是世界上许多地区的主要健康问题和死亡原因。有~200 种类型的 HPV 可以感染人类。本研究旨在了解尼日利亚正常或异常细胞学女性中 HPV 感染的谱。
我们筛选了来自尼日利亚两家地区医院的 90 名可能 HPV 感染的女性的宫颈样本。第一次筛查是使用下一代 DNA 测序（NGS）进行的，在许多样本中识别出多种 HPV 类型。此后，使用特定于类型的 PCR 分析来验证每个样本中 NGS 识别的 HPV 类型。
对尼日利亚队列的 90 个样本进行 NGS 分析，确定了 44 种 HPV 类型。特定于类型的 PCR 验证了 NGS 检测到的 44 种 HPV 类型中的 25 种，其中~10 种是最常见的。在尼日利亚队列中发现的五种最常见的类型是 HPV71（17%）、HPV82（15%）、HPV16（16%）、HPV6（10%）和 HPV20（7%）。在 PCR 确认的 HPV 类型中，我们发现 40.98%的高危 HPV 类型、27.22%的低危 HPV 类型和 31.15%的未确定 HPV 类型。在尼日利亚的 25 种 HPV 类型中，只有 6 种包含在当前的九价 HPV 疫苗中。我们还观察到大多数患者中 HPV 的多重感染非常高，少数单个样本中多达 9 种 HPV 类型。
我们对尼日利亚队列样本进行的 HPV 分型 NGS-PCR 方法揭示了目前在尼日利亚人群中循环的所有可能的 HPV 类型。我们使用 NGS 和 PCR 确认了 25 种 HPV 类型，许多样本感染了多种 HPV 类型。然而，这些类型中只有 6 种包含在九价 HPV 疫苗中，这表明需要开发针对特定区域的选择性疫苗。
