Department of Speech & Language Pathology, JSS Institute of Speech & Hearing, Mysore, India.
JSS Institute of Speech & Hearing, Mysore, India.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2023 Aug 3;66(8):2688-2700. doi: 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00668. Epub 2023 Jul 12.
As there are no questionnaires to assess the experience and proficiency of bilingual/multilingual Kannada speakers, this study aimed to adapt and validate the Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q) into the Kannada language cross-culturally.
A nonrandomized, prospective cross-sectional design with purposive sampling was used in the study. The cross-cultural adaptation was performed using a standard guideline for developing the questionnaire. The Kannada version of the LEAP-Q (KLEAP-Q) was administered to three groups of participants. Group 1 included 200 bilingual participants (first language [L1]-Kannada, second language [L2]-English), Group 2 included 25 participants with good proficiency in Kannada, and Group 3 consisted of 25 participants with Telugu as L1, English as L2, and Kannada as third language. Responses from the participants were further tabulated and subjected to various statistical analyses to assess the psychometric properties of the questionnaire.
Results showed a high test-retest reliability for the KLEAP-Q. The factor analysis results yielded eight factors with eigenvalues of more than 1.8 and had a Cronbach's alpha ranging from .61 to .95, signifying a good internal consistency of the KLEAP-Q. Mann-Whitney test revealed significant differences between the speakers with good proficiency and speakers with low proficiency in Kannada, indicating a good known groups discriminant validity.
As the KLEAP-Q has good reliability and validity, it can be used as a supplementary tool with other objective measures to document the experience and proficiency of Kannada-speaking bilingual individuals.
由于目前尚无评估双语/多语卡纳达语使用者经验和熟练程度的问卷，因此本研究旨在跨文化将语言经验和熟练程度问卷（LEAP-Q）改编并验证为卡纳达语。
本研究采用非随机、前瞻性的横断面设计和目的性抽样。采用问卷开发的标准指南进行跨文化适应。向三组参与者发放卡纳达语版 LEAP-Q（KLEAP-Q）。第 1 组包括 200 名双语参与者（母语为卡纳达语，第二语言为英语）；第 2 组包括 25 名卡纳达语熟练程度良好的参与者；第 3 组包括 25 名母语为泰卢固语、第二语言为英语、第三语言为卡纳达语的参与者。进一步对参与者的回答进行制表和各种统计分析，以评估问卷的心理测量特性。
结果表明，KLEAP-Q 的重测信度较高。因子分析结果产生了 8 个特征值大于 1.8 的因子，Cronbach's alpha 范围为 0.61 至 0.95，表明 KLEAP-Q 的内部一致性良好。Mann-Whitney U 检验显示，卡纳达语熟练程度良好的参与者和卡纳达语熟练程度较低的参与者之间存在显著差异，表明具有良好的已知群体判别有效性。
由于 KLEAP-Q 具有良好的信度和效度，因此它可以用作其他客观测量的补充工具，以记录双语卡纳达语使用者的经验和熟练程度。
