Taaime Nawal, El Mejahed Khalil, Choukr-Allah Redouane, Bouabid Rachid, Oukarroum Abdallah, El Gharous Mohamed
Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
Department of Agronomy, National School of Agriculture, Meknes, Morocco.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jun 27;14:1146658. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1146658. eCollection 2023.
In the context of climate change, quinoa represents a potential alternative crop for increasing crops diversity, agricultural productivity, and farmer's income in semi-arid regions. However, appropriate crop management practices under limited water supply are still poorly documented. Quinoa, like other cultivated crops, needs optimum quantities of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), for better growth and high grain yield. To determine the adequate levels of nutrient requirements and their effect on quinoa growth and productivity, a field experiment was conducted during two growing seasons (2020-2021 and 2021-2022). The experiment was conducted in Ben Guerir region, north-central Morocco, and consisted of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments studied consist of a combination of four N rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha), three P rates (0, 30, and 60 kg PO ha), and three K rates (0, 60, and 120 kg KO ha). The physiological, nutritional, and production parameters of quinoa were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the highest total biomass (3.9 t ha) and grain yield (0.8 t ha) under semi-arid conditions were obtained with 40 kg N ha, 60 kg PO ha, and 120 kg KO ha. The application of 40-60-120 kg ha of N-PO-KO increased plant height by 44%, chlorophyll content index by 96%, total biomass by 134%, grain yield by 112%, and seed weight by 118%. Among the three macronutrients, N was the most limiting factor, followed by K and P. Nutrients uptake data showed that quinoa needs 60 kg N, 26 kg PO, and 205 kg KO to produce 1 t of grain yield. Our field results provide future recommendations for improving the agronomic and environmental sustainability of quinoa cultivation in dryland areas in Morocco.
在气候变化的背景下，藜麦是半干旱地区增加作物多样性、农业生产力和农民收入的一种潜在替代作物。然而，在供水有限的情况下，适当的作物管理措施仍鲜有文献记载。藜麦与其他栽培作物一样，需要适量的养分，特别是氮（N）、磷（P）和钾（K），以实现更好的生长和高产。为了确定养分需求的适当水平及其对藜麦生长和生产力的影响，在两个生长季节（2020 - 2021年和2021 - 2022年）进行了田间试验。试验在摩洛哥中北部的本盖里尔地区进行，采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD），重复三次。研究的处理包括四种氮素施用量（0、40、80和120千克/公顷）、三种磷素施用量（0、30和60千克/公顷五氧化二磷）和三种钾素施用量（0、60和120千克/公顷氧化钾）的组合。收集并分析了藜麦的生理、营养和生产参数。结果表明，在半干旱条件下，施氮40千克/公顷、五氧化二磷60千克/公顷和氧化钾120千克/公顷时，可获得最高总生物量（3.9吨/公顷）和籽粒产量（0.8吨/公顷）。施用40 - 60 - 120千克/公顷的氮 - 五氧化二磷 - 氧化钾使株高增加了44%，叶绿素含量指数增加了96%，总生物量增加了134%，籽粒产量增加了112%，种子重量增加了118%。在三种大量元素中，氮是最限制因素，其次是钾和磷。养分吸收数据表明，藜麦生产1吨籽粒产量需要60千克氮、26千克五氧化二磷和205千克氧化钾。我们的田间试验结果为提高摩洛哥干旱地区藜麦种植的农艺和环境可持续性提供了未来建议。
