UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Ya'acob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Centre for Healthy Aging & Wellness, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Mol Biol Rep. 2023 Sep;50(9):7909-7917. doi: 10.1007/s11033-023-08661-5. Epub 2023 Jul 13.
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive intrinsic breast cancer subtype characterized by the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and low levels of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The complex nature of TNBC has resulted in little therapeutic progress for the past several decades. The standard of care remains the FEC cocktail (5-fluorouracil (5-FU), epirubicin and cyclophosphamide). However, early relapse and metastasis in TNBC patients persists in causing dismal clinical outcomes. Due to complex heterogeneity features of TNBC, identifying the biomarker associated to the chemoresistance remains a challenge. The emergence of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as a potential signature may have proven to be a new deterrent to diagnostic and treatment options. Previous studies unveiled the associations of lncRNA in the development of TNBCs whereby the aggressiveness and response to therapies may be associated by the abrogation of the molecular mechanism lncRNA. Terminal differentiation induced ncRNA (TINCR) is a lncRNA which have been linked with many cancers including TNBC. The expression and behavior of TINCR may exert unfavorable outcome in TNBCs. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanism of TINCR in driving chemoresistance in TNBC is not well understood. This review will highlight the potential molecular mechanisms of TINCR in TNBC chemoresistance and how it can serve as a future potential prognostic and therapeutic target for a better treatment intervention.
三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）是最具侵袭性的内在乳腺癌亚型，其特征是缺乏雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）和人表皮生长因子受体 2（HER2）水平低。过去几十年，TNBC 的复杂性质导致治疗进展甚微。标准治疗仍然是 FEC 鸡尾酒（5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）、表柔比星和环磷酰胺）。然而，TNBC 患者的早期复发和转移仍然导致临床结局不佳。由于 TNBC 具有复杂的异质性特征，因此确定与化疗耐药相关的生物标志物仍然是一个挑战。长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）作为一种潜在的特征出现，可能已被证明是诊断和治疗选择的新障碍。先前的研究揭示了 lncRNA 在 TNBC 发展中的相关性，其中通过破坏 lncRNA 的分子机制，侵袭性和对治疗的反应可能相关。终末分化诱导 ncRNA（TINCR）是一种 lncRNA，与包括 TNBC 在内的许多癌症有关。TINCR 的表达和行为可能对 TNBC 产生不利影响。然而，TINCR 在驱动 TNBC 化疗耐药性中的潜在分子机制尚不清楚。本综述将重点介绍 TINCR 在 TNBC 化疗耐药性中的潜在分子机制，以及它如何成为未来更好治疗干预的潜在预后和治疗靶点。
