Department of Psychology, New York University, Meyer Building, 6 Washington Place, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jul 13;13(1):11309. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38347-8.
In the U.S. political conservatives hold less favorable attitudes than liberals about immigration and immigrant groups. We hypothesized that one reason for this ideological gap is that conservatives are more likely to believe that immigrants are not as justifying of the American system as they should be. This hypothesis was tested in an online study (N = 404) with respect to four immigrant groups: Europeans, East Asians, Middle Easterners, and Latin Americans. Results revealed that conservatism was positively associated with (a) prescriptive beliefs that immigrants should engage in high levels of system justification, and (b) descriptive beliefs that immigrants-except for Middle Eastern immigrants-generally do endorse high levels of system justification. Importantly, conservatives perceived a bigger difference than liberals between prescriptive and descriptive beliefs about immigrants' system justification levels, and this difference mediated the association between conservatism and attitudes and feelings about non-European (but not European) immigrants. These findings support a new "Perceived System Justification Deficit Model of Prejudice" in which expectations about others' degree of ideological support for the societal status quo may contribute to out-group bias and perhaps even discrimination.
在美国，政治保守派对移民和移民群体的态度不如自由派那么有利。我们假设这种意识形态差距的一个原因是，保守派更有可能认为移民对美国制度的认同不如他们应该认同的那样。这一假设在一项针对四个移民群体（欧洲人、东亚人、中东人和拉丁美洲人）的在线研究（N=404）中得到了检验。结果表明，保守主义与（a）规范信念——移民应该积极参与制度辩护，以及（b）描述性信念——移民——除了中东移民——普遍支持高水平的制度辩护呈正相关。重要的是，保守派认为，在移民对制度辩护水平的规范信念和描述性信念之间存在比自由派更大的差异，这种差异中介了保守主义与对非欧洲（而非欧洲）移民的态度和感受之间的关联。这些发现支持了一种新的“偏见的感知系统辩护不足模型”，其中对他人对社会现状的意识形态支持程度的期望可能导致对外群体的偏见，甚至可能导致歧视。
