Department of Psychology, University of Washington.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2017 May;112(5):696-717. doi: 10.1037/pspa0000080. Epub 2017 Feb 27.
Theories of race relations have been shaped by the concept of a racial hierarchy along which Whites are the most advantaged and African Americans the most disadvantaged. However, the recent precipitated growth of Latinos and Asian Americans in the United States underscores the need for a framework that integrates more groups. The current work proposes that racial and ethnic minority groups are disadvantaged along 2 distinct dimensions of perceived and perceived , such that the 4 largest groups in the United States are located in 4 discrete quadrants: Whites are perceived and treated as superior and American; African Americans as inferior and relatively American compared with Latinos and Asian Americans; Latinos as inferior and foreign; and Asian Americans as foreign and relatively superior compared to African Americans and Latinos. Support for this Racial Position Model is first obtained from targets' perspectives. Different groups experience distinct patterns of racial prejudice that are predicted by their 2-dimensional group positions (Studies 1 and 2). From perceivers' perspectives, these group positions are reflected in the content of racial stereotypes (Study 3), and are well-known and consensually recognized (Study 4). Implications of this new model for studying contemporary race relations (e.g., prejudice, threat, and interminority dynamics) are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
种族关系理论受到种族等级制度概念的影响，在这种制度下，白人处于最有利的地位，而非裔美国人则处于最不利的地位。然而，最近拉丁裔和亚裔美国人在美国的急剧增长突显了需要一个整合更多群体的框架。目前的工作提出，种族和族裔少数群体在感知和感知两个不同维度上处于不利地位，因此，美国最大的 4 个群体位于 4 个不同的象限：白人被视为优越和美国人；非裔美国人则被视为不如拉丁裔和亚裔美国人，而且相对来说不如美国；拉丁裔被视为不如外国人；而亚裔美国人则被视为外国人，而且相对来说比非裔美国人和拉丁裔更优越。从目标的角度来看，首先获得了对这种种族地位模型的支持。不同群体经历着不同模式的种族偏见，这些偏见可以通过他们的二维群体地位来预测（研究 1 和 2）。从感知者的角度来看，这些群体地位反映在种族刻板印象的内容中（研究 3），并且是众所周知的共识（研究 4）。讨论了这种新模型对研究当代种族关系（例如，偏见、威胁和少数民族间动态）的影响。
