Lin Jianyan, Yuan Yuan, Wang Min, Yang Xinlin, Yang Guangmin
College of Physics, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Jun 25;13(13):1932. doi: 10.3390/nano13131932.
In recent years, supercapacitors have been widely used in the fields of energy, transportation, and industry. Among them, electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) have attracted attention because of their dramatically high power density. With the rapid development of computational methods, theoretical studies on the physical and chemical properties of electrode materials have provided important support for the preparation of EDLCs with higher performance. Besides the widely studied double-layer capacitance (), quantum capacitance (), which has long been ignored, is another important factor to improve the total capacitance () of an electrode. In this paper, we survey the recent theoretical progress on the of two-dimensional (2D) electrode materials in EDLCs and classify the electrode materials mainly into graphene-like 2D main group elements and compounds, transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). In addition, we summarize the influence of different modification routes (including doping, metal-adsorption, vacancy, and surface functionalization) on the characteristics in the voltage range of ±0.6 V. Finally, we discuss the current difficulties in the theoretical study of supercapacitor electrode materials and provide our outlook on the future development of EDLCs in the field of energy storage.
近年来，超级电容器已广泛应用于能源、交通和工业领域。其中，双电层电容器（EDLCs）因其极高的功率密度而备受关注。随着计算方法的迅速发展，对电极材料物理和化学性质的理论研究为制备高性能的EDLCs提供了重要支持。除了被广泛研究的双电层电容（）外，长期被忽视的量子电容（）是提高电极总电容（）的另一个重要因素。在本文中，我们综述了近年来二维（2D）电极材料在EDLCs中的研究进展，并将电极材料主要分为类石墨烯二维主族元素及化合物、过渡金属碳化物/氮化物（MXenes）和过渡金属二硫属化物（TMDs）。此外，我们总结了不同改性途径（包括掺杂、金属吸附、空位和表面功能化）在±0.6 V电压范围内对电容特性的影响。最后，我们讨论了超级电容器电极材料理论研究中目前存在的困难，并对EDLCs在储能领域的未来发展进行了展望。
