Korpelainen Helena
Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jun 28;12(13):2473. doi: 10.3390/plants12132473.
Plant genetic resources provide the basis for sustainable agricultural production, adaptation to climate change, and economic development. Many present crop plants are endangered due to extreme environmental conditions induced by climate change or due to the use of a limited selection of plant materials. Changing environmental conditions are a challenge for plant production and food security, emphasizing the urgent need for access to a wider range of plant genetic resources than what are utilized today, for breeding novel crop varieties capable of resilience and adaptation to climate change and other environmental challenges. Besides large-scale agricultural production, it is important to recognize that home gardens have been an integral component of family farming and local food systems for centuries. It is remarkable how home gardens have allowed the adaptation and domestication of plants to extreme or specific ecological conditions, thus contributing to the diversification of cultivated plants. Home gardens can help in reducing hunger and malnutrition and improve food security. In addition, they provide opportunities to broaden the base of cultivated plant materials by harboring underutilized crop plants and crop wild relative species. Crop wild relatives contain a wide range of genetic diversity not available in cultivated crops. Although the importance of home gardens in conserving plant genetic resources is well recognized, there is a risk that local genetic diversity will be lost if traditional plant materials are replaced by high-yielding modern cultivars. This paper provides an overview of home gardens and their present role and future potential in conserving and utilizing plant genetic resources and enhancing food and nutritional security under global challenges.
植物遗传资源为可持续农业生产、适应气候变化以及经济发展提供了基础。由于气候变化引发的极端环境条件，或由于使用了有限种类的植物材料，许多现存的农作物正面临濒危。不断变化的环境条件对植物生产和粮食安全构成了挑战，这凸显了迫切需要获取比目前所利用的范围更广的植物遗传资源，以培育能够适应气候变化和其他环境挑战的新型作物品种。除大规模农业生产外，必须认识到家庭菜园几个世纪以来一直是家庭农业和地方粮食系统的一个组成部分。家庭菜园能够使植物适应并驯化于极端或特定的生态条件，从而促进栽培植物的多样化，这一点令人瞩目。家庭菜园有助于减少饥饿和营养不良，并改善粮食安全。此外，它们通过种植未充分利用的作物和作物野生近缘物种，提供了拓宽栽培植物材料基础的机会。作物野生近缘种包含了栽培作物中所没有的广泛遗传多样性。尽管家庭菜园在保护植物遗传资源方面的重要性已得到充分认可，但如果传统植物材料被高产现代品种所取代，当地遗传多样性就有丧失的风险。本文概述了家庭菜园及其在全球挑战下保护和利用植物遗传资源以及加强粮食和营养安全方面的当前作用和未来潜力。
