Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 04, BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin.
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01, BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2017 Nov 25;13(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s13002-017-0192-5.
Understanding the functional diversity of home gardens and their socio-ecological determinants is essential for mainstreaming these agroforestry practices into agrobiodiversity conservation strategies. This paper analyzed functional diversity of home gardens, identified the socio-ecological drivers of functions assigned to them, and assessed the agrobiodiversity benefits of home gardens functions.
Using data on occurring species in home garden (HG) and functions assigned to each species by the gardeners, the study combined clustering and discriminant canonical analyses to explore the functional diversity of 360 home gardens in Benin, West Africa. Next, multinomial logistic models and chi-square tests were used to analyze the effect of socio-demographic characteristics of gardeners (age, gender, and education level), agro-ecological zones (humid, sub-humid, and semi-arid), and management regime (single and multiple managers) on the possession of a functional type of home gardens. Generalized linear models were used to assess the effect of the functions of home gardens and the determinant factor on their potential in conserving agrobiodiversity.
Seven functional groups of home gardens, four with specific functions (food, medicinal, or both food and medicinal) and three with multiple functions (more than two main functions), were found. Women owned most of home gardens with primarily food plant production purpose while men owned most of home gardens with primarily medicinal plant production purposes. Finding also showed that multifunctional home gardens had higher plant species diversity. Specifically, crops and crop wild relatives occurred mainly in home gardens with food function while wild plant species were mostly found in home gardens with mainly medicinal function.
Home gardening is driven by functions beyond food production. These functions are mostly related to direct and extractive values of home gardens. Functions of home gardens were gendered, with women mostly involved in home food gardens, and contribute to maintenance of crops and crop wild relatives while men were mostly home medicinal gardeners and contribute to the maintenance of wild plant species in home gardens. Although multiple functional home gardens were related to higher plant diversity, there was no guarantee for long-term maintenance of plant species in home gardens.
理解家庭园艺的功能多样性及其社会生态决定因素对于将这些农林复合实践纳入农业生物多样性保护战略主流至关重要。本文分析了家庭园艺的功能多样性，确定了赋予其功能的社会生态驱动因素，并评估了家庭园艺功能的农业生物多样性效益。
利用家庭园艺中发生的物种数据和园艺师赋予每种物种的功能，本研究结合聚类和判别典范分析，探索了西非贝宁 360 个家庭园艺的功能多样性。接下来，使用多项逻辑回归模型和卡方检验分析了园艺师的社会人口特征（年龄、性别和教育水平）、农业生态区（湿润、半湿润和半干旱）和管理模式（单一和多个管理者）对拥有特定功能类型家庭园艺的影响。广义线性模型用于评估家庭园艺的功能及其决定因素对保护农业生物多样性的潜在影响。
发现了七种家庭园艺功能组，其中四种具有特定功能（食品、药用或两者兼而有之），三种具有多种功能（超过两种主要功能）。女性拥有的以生产食用植物为主要目的的家庭园艺园居多，而男性拥有的以生产药用植物为主要目的的家庭园艺园居多。研究还表明，多功能家庭园艺园具有更高的植物物种多样性。具体而言，粮食作物和作物野生近缘种主要出现在以食品功能为主的家庭园艺园中，而野生植物物种主要出现在以主要药用功能为主的家庭园艺园中。
家庭园艺的驱动力不仅仅是食品生产。这些功能主要与家庭园艺的直接和提取价值有关。家庭园艺的功能具有性别特征，女性主要参与家庭粮食园艺，有助于维持作物和作物野生近缘种，而男性主要是家庭药用园艺师，有助于维持家庭园艺中的野生植物物种。虽然多功能家庭园艺与更高的植物多样性有关，但并不能保证家庭园艺中长期维持植物物种的多样性。
