Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 30;15(13):2977. doi: 10.3390/nu15132977.
The relationship between food addiction, an important emerging construct of excessive eating pathology, and dietary restraint has yet to be fully understood. Eating disorder models commonly posit that dietary restraint exacerbates loss of control eating (e.g., binge episodes) and may also play a causal role in the development of food addiction. However, dietary restraint as a reaction to consequences of food addiction (e.g., uncontrollable eating or weight gain) represents another plausible pathway. Existing studies indicate that the association between food addiction and dietary restraint may be more significant during adolescence than adulthood, but are limited by cross-sectional study designs. A longitudinal study using an adolescent sample is ideal for investigating potential pathways underlying links between food addiction and dietary restraint. This study examined temporal pathways between food addiction and dietary restraint in a sample of one hundred twenty-seven adolescents (M = 14.8, SD = 1.1) at three timepoints spanning two years. This is the first study to examine longitudinal cross-lagged panel associations between food addiction and dietary restraint. In this adolescent sample, food addiction significantly predicted future dietary restraint (b = 0.25, SE = 0.06, < 0.001), but dietary restraint did not significantly predict future food addiction (b = 0.06, SE = 0.05, > 0.05). These findings support the theory that dietary restraint may be a reaction to deleterious effects of food addiction during adolescence.
食物成瘾作为一种过度进食病理的新兴重要概念，其与饮食控制的关系尚未被充分理解。饮食失调模型通常假设，饮食控制会加剧失去控制的进食（例如，暴食发作），并且可能在食物成瘾的发展中发挥因果作用。然而，饮食控制作为对食物成瘾后果的反应（例如，无法控制的进食或体重增加）代表了另一种可能的途径。现有研究表明，在青少年时期，食物成瘾和饮食控制之间的关联可能比成年时期更为显著，但受到横断面研究设计的限制。一项使用青少年样本的纵向研究是研究食物成瘾和饮食控制之间潜在联系的理想方法。本研究在两年的三个时间点上，对 127 名青少年（M = 14.8，SD = 1.1）样本进行了食物成瘾和饮食控制之间的时间路径研究。这是第一项研究食物成瘾和饮食控制之间纵向交叉滞后面板关联的研究。在这个青少年样本中，食物成瘾显著预测了未来的饮食控制（b = 0.25，SE = 0.06， < 0.001），但饮食控制并没有显著预测未来的食物成瘾（b = 0.06，SE = 0.05， > 0.05）。这些发现支持了这样一种理论，即饮食控制可能是对青少年时期食物成瘾的有害影响的一种反应。
