School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Jul 3;15(13):3019. doi: 10.3390/nu15133019.
Dietary plant polysaccharides, one of the main sources of natural polysaccharides, possess significant cancer prevention activity and potential development value in the food and medicine fields. The anti-tumor mechanisms of plant polysaccharides are mainly elaborated from three perspectives: enhancing immunoregulation, inhibiting tumor cell growth and inhibiting tumor cell invasion and metastasis. The immune system plays a key role in cancer progression, and immunomodulation is considered a significant pathway for cancer prevention or treatment. Although much progress has been made in revealing the relationship between the cancer prevention activity of polysaccharides and immunoregulation, huge challenges are still met in the research and development of polysaccharides. Results suggest that certain polysaccharide types and glycosidic linkage forms significantly affect the biological activity of polysaccharides in immunoregulation. At present, the anti-tumor effects and immunoregulation of dietary polysaccharides are widely reported in articles; however, the anti-tumor effects and immunoregulation of dietary polysaccharides are still deserving of further investigation. In this paper, aspects of the mechanisms behind dietary polysaccharides' cancer prevention activity achieved through immunoregulation, the role of immune cells in cancer progression, the role of the mediatory relationship between the gut microbiota and dietary polysaccharides in immunoregulation and cancer prevention are systematically summarized, with the aim of encouraging future research on the use of dietary polysaccharides for cancer prevention.
膳食植物多糖是天然多糖的主要来源之一，在食品和医药领域具有显著的防癌活性和潜在的开发价值。植物多糖的抗肿瘤机制主要从增强免疫调节、抑制肿瘤细胞生长和抑制肿瘤细胞侵袭转移三个方面进行阐述。免疫系统在癌症进展中起着关键作用，免疫调节被认为是癌症预防或治疗的重要途径。尽管在揭示多糖的防癌活性与免疫调节之间的关系方面已经取得了很大的进展，但在多糖的研究与开发方面仍面临着巨大的挑战。研究结果表明，某些多糖类型和糖苷键形式显著影响多糖在免疫调节中的生物活性。目前，关于膳食多糖的抗肿瘤作用和免疫调节作用在文献中已有广泛报道，但膳食多糖的抗肿瘤作用和免疫调节作用仍有待进一步研究。本文系统总结了通过免疫调节实现膳食多糖防癌活性的机制、免疫细胞在癌症进展中的作用、肠道微生物群与膳食多糖在免疫调节和癌症预防中的中介关系，旨在鼓励未来利用膳食多糖进行癌症预防的研究。
