Raj Vikash, Barik Sitanshu, Raj Manish
Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India.
Indian J Community Med. 2023 May-Jun;48(3):501-504. doi: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_685_22. Epub 2023 May 30.
The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the need and feasibility of conducting prospective research on the epidemiological factors of bone mineral density (BMD) in the at-risk population in a rural and tribal-dominated area based on a screening test.
This community-based retrospective cross-sectional study was based on data from the medical records from July 2021 to September 2021 at community camps organized in a rural area of Deoghar district of Jharkhand, India, and the at-risk patients who had undergone ultrasound-based BMD measurement were included in this study.
The mean age of the patients (N = 216) was 68.2 ± 10.2 years (range 35-73 years) with a mean T-score of -0.83 ± 0.09 (range -2.78-0.3, 95% CI 0.19). 70.3% (n = 152) of the patients were diagnosed as either osteopenic or osteoporotic based on the T-score. 14.8% (n = 32) of the patients had a comorbidity making them susceptible for low BMD. BMD was significantly low in patients above 60 years of age (t - 3.36, - 0.0005), presence of comorbidity (t - 3.12, - 0.001), and urban population (t - -1.93, - 0.02).
Although DEXA remains the study of choice, QUS can be used in primary healthcare systems in the developing world for the purposes of screening. Females, elderly, and urban residence have an increased chance of low BMD. This pilot study shows that a large-scale prospective study analyzing various aspects of bone health including dietary and lifestyle practices is the need of the hour.
本初步研究的目的是分析基于筛查试验，对农村和部落主导地区高危人群骨密度（BMD）的流行病学因素进行前瞻性研究的必要性和可行性。
这项基于社区的回顾性横断面研究基于2021年7月至2021年9月在印度贾坎德邦迪奥加尔区农村地区组织的社区营地的医疗记录数据，纳入了接受基于超声的骨密度测量的高危患者。
患者（N = 216）的平均年龄为68.2±10.2岁（范围35 - 73岁），平均T值为-0.83±0.09（范围-2.78 - 0.3，95%CI 0.19）。根据T值，70.3%（n = 152）的患者被诊断为骨质减少或骨质疏松。14.8%（n = 32）的患者患有合并症，使其易患低骨密度。60岁以上患者（t = 3.36，P = 0.0005）、存在合并症（t = 3.12，P = 0.001）和城市人口（t = -1.93，P = 0.02）的骨密度显著较低。
尽管双能X线吸收法（DEXA）仍是首选研究方法，但定量超声（QUS）可用于发展中国家的初级医疗保健系统进行筛查。女性、老年人和城市居民患低骨密度的几率增加。这项初步研究表明，开展一项分析骨健康各个方面（包括饮食和生活方式）的大规模前瞻性研究迫在眉睫。
