Kaftanski Wojciech
Human Flourishing Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jul 6;14:1192041. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1192041. eCollection 2023.
This paper defines the nature of collective irrationality that flourished during the COVID-19 pandemic and lays out specific individual and shared traits and dispositions that facilitate it. Drawing on the example of globally experienced phenomenon of panicked toilet paper buying and hoarding during the COVID-19 pandemic and resources from philosophy, psychology, sociology, and economics this paper identifies four essential features of collective irrationality: weak shared mentality; non-cognitive and immediate mimicry; affective contagion; and psychosocial adaptivity. After (I) initially pointing out conceptual problems around benchmarking collectivity and irrationality, this paper (II) identifies weak mentality as serving the goals of "group" recognition internally and externally. It is argued that (III) the non-cognitive and immediate mimicry and emotional contagion are shared and individual dispositional conditions that facilitate collective irrationality in environments affected by uncertainty (IV). The human mimetic faculty and susceptibility to emotional contagion are presented as enabling and augmenting conditions under which collective irrationality flourishes. Finally, (IV) presenting collective irrationality in the context of psychosocial adaptivity, the paper provides evolutionary reasons for engaging in irrational behaviors, rendering collective irrationality as an adaptive strategy.
本文定义了在新冠疫情期间盛行的集体非理性的本质,并阐述了促成这种现象的具体个人特质和共同特质。以新冠疫情期间全球出现的恐慌性购买和囤积卫生纸这一现象为例,并借鉴哲学、心理学、社会学和经济学的相关资源,本文确定了集体非理性的四个基本特征:微弱的共同心态;非认知性的即时模仿;情感传染;以及社会心理适应性。在(I)初步指出围绕集体性和非理性基准的概念问题之后,本文(II)将微弱心态确定为在内部和外部服务于“群体”认同的目标。有人认为,(III)非认知性的即时模仿和情绪传染是在受不确定性影响的环境中促成集体非理性的共同和个人特质条件。人类的模仿能力和对情绪传染的易感性被视为集体非理性盛行的促成和增强条件。最后,(IV)在社会心理适应性的背景下阐述集体非理性,本文提供了参与非理性行为的进化原因,将集体非理性视为一种适应性策略。