Turdiyeva Karina, Lee Woojin
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Systems Lab., National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Heliyon. 2023 Jun 9;9(6):e17112. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17112. eCollection 2023 Jun.
The study focuses on heavy metals contamination, drinking water quality, and associated health risks for adults and children by consuming water from Central Asian Rivers (Syr-Darya, Nura, and Ili Rivers). Water samples were collected from three rivers within the 2014-2019 period by the RMS "Kazhydromet" and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. The study revealed that the concentrations of Fe, Cd, Cr (VI), Hg, Mn, and As significantly exceeded local and international drinking water standards in at least one water body. The lowest total water quality index (55.1%) was observed in the Nura River ("marginal water category"). Coal, soil, non-ferrous metals, and iron ore industries were found to be the major sources of heavy metals in the regions. Deterministic risk assessment revealed serious cancer risks (>1E-5) in rivers due to As and Cr (VI) exposure by oral and dermal contact for adults and children. Stochastic risk assessment confirmed high cancer risks (>1E-4) due to Cr (VI) contamination of the Syr-Darya River. The study results indicate the serious lifetime cancer risk to the residents due to the use of river water for drinking and household activities. Therefore, the study area urgently and continuously requires heavy metal removal, effective monitoring, and good quality drinking water supply.
该研究聚焦于中亚河流（锡尔河、努拉河和伊犁河）的重金属污染、饮用水水质以及成人和儿童饮用这些河水所面临的相关健康风险。2014年至2019年期间，俄罗斯水文气象和环境监测国家机构（RMS "Kazhydromet"）从这三条河流采集了水样，并对各种理化参数进行了分析。研究发现，至少在一个水体中，铁、镉、六价铬、汞、锰和砷的浓度显著超过了当地和国际饮用水标准。努拉河的总水质指数最低（55.1%），属于“边缘水质类别”。煤炭、土壤、有色金属和铁矿石行业被发现是该地区重金属的主要来源。确定性风险评估显示，由于成人和儿童通过口服和皮肤接触砷和六价铬，河流中存在严重的癌症风险（>1E-5）。随机风险评估证实，由于锡尔河受六价铬污染，存在高癌症风险（>1E-4）。研究结果表明，居民因饮用河水和用于家庭活动而面临严重的终生癌症风险。因此，研究区域迫切且持续需要去除重金属、进行有效监测并提供优质饮用水供应。
