Afzali Kasra, Fujimoto Dylann K, Mohammadi Seyed Omid, Lin Ken Y
Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, California, United States.
J Curr Glaucoma Pract. 2023 Apr-Jun;17(2):98-103. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10078-1407.
To evaluate the demographic composition of academic glaucoma specialists currently practicing in the United States.
Retrospective and observational study.
Academic glaucoma specialists identified from ophthalmology residency programs listed on the Doximity database.
The American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO) membership directory, Doximity database, publicly available data, and direct communications were used to identify academic glaucoma specialists and their demographics. Information collected included-name, gender, race/ethnicity, geographic location, board certification date, academic affiliation, and academic rank. Ophthalmic age was defined as the number of years since ophthalmology board certification. Underrepresented minority (URM) groups were defined as Hispanics, Black or African Americans, Latinos, American Indians, or Alaskan Natives as defined by San Francisco match. In addition, the temporal, geographic, and academic rank distributions among females and URMs were explored.
Women and URMs representations among academic glaucoma specialists across academic ranks, geographic regions, as well as ophthalmic age.
There were 457 active academic glaucoma specialists identified from 110 institutions in 38 states. Among them, 185 (40.5%) were women and 42 (9.2%) were URM. The proportion of women glaucoma specialists in academia had increased significantly with a rate of 1.049 in odds ratio (OR) per year ( < 0.001). However, there were no significant changes in the proportion of URMs over time. The earliest year of certification was 1,964 for males and 1,974 for females. When controlled for ophthalmic age, there were no significant differences in the distribution of women or URMs between the different academic ranks ( = 0.572 and = 0.762, respectively). Among assistant professors, women had a significantly higher ophthalmic age compared to men ( < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in ophthalmic age in both the associate and full professor groups. There were no significant differences in the geographic distribution of gender ( = 0.516) and URM across United States regions ( = 0.238).
The proportion of women among academic glaucoma specialists has significantly increased over the past 5 decades; however, the proportion of URMs has been stagnant in the same period. Enhancing URM representation among academic glaucoma specialists deserves to be a future priority.
Afzali K, Fujimoto DK, Mohammadi SO, Race and Gender Shift among Academic Glaucoma Specialists in the Last 5 Decades. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2023;17(2):98-103.
评估目前在美国执业的学术性青光眼专家的人口统计学构成。
回顾性观察研究。
从Doximity数据库列出的眼科住院医师培训项目中识别出的学术性青光眼专家。
使用美国眼科学会（ABO）会员名录、Doximity数据库、公开可用数据以及直接沟通来识别学术性青光眼专家及其人口统计学信息。收集的信息包括姓名、性别、种族/族裔、地理位置、委员会认证日期、学术隶属关系和学术职称。眼科年龄定义为自眼科学委员会认证以来的年数。未被充分代表的少数族裔（URM）群体定义为旧金山匹配定义的西班牙裔、黑人或非裔美国人、拉丁裔、美国印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民。此外，还探讨了女性和URM在时间、地理和学术职称方面的分布情况。
不同学术职称、地理区域以及眼科年龄的学术性青光眼专家中女性和URM的占比。
从38个州的110所机构中识别出457名在职学术性青光眼专家。其中，185名（40.5%）为女性，42名（9.2%）为URM。学术界女性青光眼专家的比例以每年1.049的优势比（OR）显著增加（P<0.001）。然而，随着时间的推移，URM的比例没有显著变化。男性最早的认证年份为1964年，女性为1974年。在控制眼科年龄后，不同学术职称之间女性或URM的分布没有显著差异（分别为P = 0.572和P = 0.762）。在助理教授中，女性的眼科年龄显著高于男性（P<0.001），但在副教授和正教授组中，眼科年龄没有显著差异。美国各地区性别（P = 0.516）和URM的地理分布没有显著差异（P = 0.238）。
在过去50年中，学术性青光眼专家中女性的比例显著增加；然而，同期URM的比例一直停滞不前。提高学术性青光眼专家中URM的占比值得作为未来的一个优先事项。
Afzali K, Fujimoto DK, Mohammadi SO, 过去50年学术性青光眼专家的种族和性别变化。《当代青光眼实践杂志》2023；17(2):98 - 103。
