Vasquez Robie, Kim Sang Hoon, Oh Ju Kyoung, Song Ji Hoon, Hwang In-Chan, Kim In Ho, Kang Dae-Kyung
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Jul 7;14:1192249. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192249. eCollection 2023.
Both crude protein (CP) and probiotics can modulate the gut microbiome of the host, thus conferring beneficial effects. However, the benefits of low CP diet supplemented with multispecies probiotics on gut microbiome and its metabolites have not been investigated in pigs. Thus, we investigated the combinatory effects of low CP diet supplemented with multispecies probiotics on gut microbiome composition, function, and microbial metabolites in growing pigs. In total, 140 6 week-old piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) were used in this study. The pigs were divided into four groups with a 2 × 2 factorial design based on their diets: normal-level protein diet (16% CP; NP), low-level protein diet (14% CP; LP), NP with multispecies probiotics (NP-P), and LP with multispecies probiotics (LP-P). After the feeding trial, the fecal samples of the pigs were analyzed. The fecal scores were improved by the probiotic supplementation, especially in LP-P group. We also observed a probiotic-mediated alteration in the gut microbiome of pigs. In addition, LP-P group showed higher species richness and diversity compared with other groups. The addition of multispecies probiotics in low CP diet also enhanced gut microbiota metabolites production, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyamines. Correlation analysis revealed that Oscillospiraceae UCG-002, , Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, and Muribaculaceae were positively associated with SCFAs; and Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group, and were positively correlated with polyamines. Supplementation with multispecies probiotics modulated the function of the gut microbiome by upregulating the pathways for protein digestion and utilization, potentially contributing to enriched metabolite production in the gut. The results of this study demonstrate that supplementation with multispecies probiotics may complement the beneficial effects of low CP levels in pig feed. These findings may help formulate sustainable feeding strategies for swine production.
粗蛋白（CP）和益生菌均可调节宿主的肠道微生物群，从而产生有益效果。然而，在猪中，补充多种益生菌的低CP日粮对肠道微生物群及其代谢产物的益处尚未得到研究。因此，我们研究了补充多种益生菌的低CP日粮对生长猪肠道微生物群组成、功能和微生物代谢产物的联合作用。本研究共使用了140头6周龄仔猪（长白×大白×杜洛克）。根据日粮，将猪分为四组，采用2×2析因设计：正常蛋白水平日粮（16%CP；NP）、低蛋白水平日粮（14%CP；LP）、添加多种益生菌的NP（NP-P）和添加多种益生菌的LP（LP-P）。饲养试验结束后，对猪的粪便样本进行分析。补充益生菌可改善粪便评分，尤其是在LP-P组。我们还观察到益生菌介导的猪肠道微生物群变化。此外，LP-P组与其他组相比，物种丰富度和多样性更高。在低CP日粮中添加多种益生菌还可提高肠道微生物群代谢产物的产量，如短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）和多胺。相关性分析表明，颤螺菌科UCG-002、毛螺菌科NK4A136组和Muribaculaceae与SCFAs呈正相关；普雷沃氏菌科NK3B31组与多胺呈正相关。补充多种益生菌通过上调蛋白质消化和利用途径来调节肠道微生物群的功能，这可能有助于肠道中代谢产物的富集。本研究结果表明，补充多种益生菌可能补充猪饲料中低CP水平的有益作用。这些发现可能有助于制定可持续的养猪生产饲养策略。
