Zhang Qianqian, Vasquez Robie, Yoo Jeong Min, Kim Sang Hoon, Kang Dae-Kyung, Kim In Ho
Department of Animal Resources and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Jun 30;9:918114. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.918114. eCollection 2022.
LM1 (LM1) is previously isolated from the intestine of piglets, but its potential as a probiotic supplement has not yet been assessed in growing pigs. In this study, we analyzed the probiotic effect of LM1 on the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, immune properties, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota and their metabolites in growing pigs. The experiment included 145 Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) pigs (average body weight: 21.21 ± 1.14 kg) distributed into five treatment groups. The pigs were fed either a control diet (CON), or the control diet supplemented with incremental doses of LM1, namely low-dose LM1 (LL, 8.3 × 10 CFU/kg), moderate-low dose LM1 (ML, 4.2 × 10 CFU/kg), moderate-high dose LM1 (MH, 8.3 × 10 CFU/kg), and high-dose LM1 (HH, 2.1 × 10 CFU/kg) for 42 d. On d 42, 12 pigs from each of the CON and MH groups were slaughtered. The results indicated that the ATTD of nitrogen (N, = 0.038) was improved with MH supplementation. In addition, increasing dose of LM1 improved the immune response in pigs by reducing serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10). Pigs fed with MH LM1 also had higher jejunal villus height and ileal villus height: crypt depth ratio, demonstrating improved intestinal morphology. Moreover, moderate-high LM1 supplementation enriched SCFA-producing taxa such as _group, and group, which correlated positively with increased fecal levels of butyrate and iso-valerate. These results strongly suggest the probiotic potential of LM1 on growing pigs. Overall, the current study provides insights on the use of LM1 as a novel livestock probiotic to improve pig gut health.
乳酸乳球菌LM1（LM1）先前是从仔猪肠道中分离出来的，但尚未在生长猪中评估其作为益生菌补充剂的潜力。在本研究中，我们分析了LM1对生长猪的生长性能、养分表观全肠道消化率（ATTD）、免疫特性、肠道形态、肠道微生物群及其代谢产物的益生菌作用。实验包括145头杜洛克×（长白×大白）猪（平均体重：21.21±1.14千克），分为五个处理组。给猪喂食对照日粮（CON），或补充递增剂量LM1的对照日粮，即低剂量LM1（LL，8.3×10⁸CFU/千克）、中低剂量LM1（ML，4.2×10⁹CFU/千克）、中高剂量LM1（MH，8.3×10⁹CFU/千克）和高剂量LM1（HH，2.1×10¹⁰CFU/千克），持续42天。在第42天，屠宰CON组和MH组各12头猪。结果表明，补充MH可提高氮的ATTD（N，P = 0.038）。此外，增加LM1剂量可通过降低血清促炎细胞因子（白细胞介素-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α）和增加抗炎细胞因子（白细胞介素-10）来改善猪的免疫反应。喂食MH LM1的猪空肠绒毛高度和回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比也更高，表明肠道形态得到改善。此外，补充中高剂量LM1可丰富产生短链脂肪酸的分类群，如某组和某组，这与粪便中丁酸盐和异戊酸盐水平的增加呈正相关。这些结果有力地表明了LM1对生长猪的益生菌潜力。总体而言，当前研究为使用LM1作为新型家畜益生菌以改善猪肠道健康提供了见解。
