Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Jul 28;42(1):183. doi: 10.1186/s13046-023-02763-5.
Super-enhancers (SEs) consist of multiple typical enhancers enriched at high density with transcription factors, histone-modifying enzymes and cofactors. Oncogenic SEs promote tumorigenesis and malignancy by altering protein-coding gene expression and noncoding regulatory element function. Therefore, they play central roles in the treatment of cancer. Here, we review the structural characteristics, organization, identification, and functions of SEs and the underlying molecular mechanism by which SEs drive oncogenic transcription in tumor cells. We then summarize abnormal SE complexes, SE-driven coding genes, and noncoding RNAs involved in tumor development. In summary, we believe that SEs show great potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
超级增强子（SEs）由多个典型的增强子组成，这些增强子高度富集转录因子、组蛋白修饰酶和辅助因子。致癌 SE 通过改变蛋白质编码基因的表达和非编码调控元件的功能来促进肿瘤发生和恶性转化。因此，它们在癌症治疗中发挥着核心作用。在这里，我们综述了 SE 的结构特征、组织、鉴定和功能，以及 SE 驱动肿瘤细胞中致癌转录的潜在分子机制。然后，我们总结了参与肿瘤发生的异常 SE 复合物、SE 驱动的编码基因和非编码 RNA。总之，我们相信 SE 作为生物标志物和治疗靶点具有巨大的潜力。
