Pasciu Valeria, Nieddu Maria, Baralla Elena, Contreras-Solís Ignacio, Sotgiu Francesca Daniela, Berlinguer Fiammetta
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
BMC Vet Res. 2025 May 10;21(1):334. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04762-4.
In recent years, the use of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ω3 and ω6, as food supplements in livestock has increased due to their beneficial properties related to their antioxidant activity. It has been demonstrated however that a high intake of these substances has prooxidant and cell-damaging effects, especially if their circulating concentrations are unbalanced. Starting from these premises, and taking advantage of previous findings, the present study aimed at defining the optimal circulating concentrations and PUFAs ω3/ω6 ratio, to ensure the antioxidant/oxidant balance in sheep RBCs.
All tested concentrations (25-300 µg/mL in PBS) of PUFAs-ω3 after 4 h of treatment on sheep RBCs, showed antioxidant properties with a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) versus the control group (CTRL) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, ω6 showed an antioxidant effect at low concentrations (25-200 g/mL) but a pro-oxidant effect at the highest concentrations (250 and 300 µg/mL) with a significant increase in ROS production (123.6 ± 2.1 and 131.4 ± 6.5% sloope RFU of CTRL respectively p < 0,001), malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.01), and haemolysis (p < 0.01) versus CTRL group (1.1 ± 0.1%), and, also with a decrease of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) (p < 0,05). The ratio ω3/ω6 of 1:10 (25/250 µg/mL) and 1:4 (25/100 µg/mL) showed an intracellular ROS level like the CTRL group whereas, the ratio 1:2 (100/200 µg/mL) resulted in a significant decrease in ROS production (62.71 ± 2.31% slope RFU of CTRL, p < 0.001) and MDA (p < 0.001), with an increase in TEAC (p < 0.05), and a decrease haemolysis versus the control group (p < 0,01).
Our results showed that a beneficial effect on the oxidative state of sheep RBCs was obtained with in vitro administration of low concentrations of ω6 and with all tested concentrations of ω3. The addition of ω6 at high concentrations leads to an imbalance in the PUFA ω3/ω6 ratio, compromising the oxidative state and viability of the RBCs. The maximum antioxidative effect was found at ω3/ω6 ratio 1:2).
近年来，长链多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）ω3和ω6作为家畜食品补充剂的使用量有所增加，因为它们具有与抗氧化活性相关的有益特性。然而，已经证明，高剂量摄入这些物质具有促氧化和细胞损伤作用，特别是当它们的循环浓度失衡时。基于这些前提，并利用先前的研究结果，本研究旨在确定最佳循环浓度和PUFAs ω3/ω6比值，以确保绵羊红细胞中的抗氧化/氧化平衡。
在对绵羊红细胞进行4小时处理后，所有测试浓度（PBS中25-300μg/mL）的PUFAs-ω3均表现出抗氧化特性，与对照组（CTRL）相比，活性氧（ROS）显著降低（p<0.05）。此外，ω6在低浓度（25-200μg/mL）时表现出抗氧化作用，但在最高浓度（250和300μg/mL）时表现出促氧化作用，ROS产生显著增加（分别为CTRL的123.6±2.1和131.4±6.5%斜率RFU，p<0.001），丙二醛（MDA）（p<0.01）和溶血（p<0.01），与CTRL组（1.1±0.1%）相比，同时Trolox等效抗氧化能力（TEAC）降低（p<0.05）。1:10（25/250μg/mL）和1:4（25/100μg/mL）的ω3/ω6比值显示细胞内ROS水平与CTRL组相似，而1:2（100/200μg/mL）的比值导致ROS产生显著降低（CTRL斜率RFU的62.71±2.31%，p<0.001）和MDA（p<0.001），TEAC增加（p<0.05），溶血与对照组相比降低（p<0.01）。
我们的结果表明，体外给予低浓度的ω6和所有测试浓度的ω3对绵羊红细胞的氧化状态有有益影响。高浓度添加ω6会导致PUFA ω3/ω6比值失衡，损害红细胞的氧化状态和活力。在ω3/ω6比值为1:2时发现最大抗氧化作用。
