Afzal Muhammad Asjad, Javed Muhammad, Aroob Sadia, Javed Tariq, M Alnoman Maryam, Alelwani Walla, Bibi Ismat, Sharif Muhammad, Saleem Muhammad, Rizwan Muhammad, Raheel Ahmad, Maseeh Ihsan, Carabineiro Sónia A C, Taj Muhammad Babar
Institute of Chemistry, Green Synthesis Laboratory, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Jul 15;13(14):2079. doi: 10.3390/nano13142079.
In this study, bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) were synthesized using leaf extract for the first time. Monometallic NPs were also obtained for comparison. The characterization of the prepared NPs was carried out using various techniques, including UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The latter confirmed the crystalline nature and diameter of the monometallic and bimetallic NPs of Ag and ZnO. The SEM images of the prepared NPs revealed their different shapes. The biological activities of the NPs were evaluated concerning their antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. The antibacterial activities were measured using the time-killing method. The results demonstrated that both the monometallic and bimetallic NPs inhibited the growth of Gram-negative () and Gram-positive () bacteria. The antioxidant activities of the NPs were evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and their cytotoxicity was checked using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The results indicated that the controlled quantity of the monometallic and bimetallic NPs did not affect the viability of the cells. However, the decreased cell (L-929) viability suggested that the NPs could have anticancer properties. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet and 4-nitrophenol was investigated using the prepared Ag/ZnO NPs, examining the factors affecting the degradation process and conducting a kinetic and thermodynamic study. The prepared Ag/ZnO NPs demonstrated good photocatalytic degradation (88.9%) of the methyl violet (rate constant of 0.0183 min) in comparison to 4-nitrophenol (NPh), with a degradation rate of 81.37% and 0.0172 min, respectively. Overall, the bimetallic NPs showed superior antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and photocatalytic properties compared to the monometallic NPs of Ag and ZnO.
在本研究中，首次使用叶提取物合成了银（Ag）和氧化锌（ZnO）的双金属纳米颗粒（NPs）。还制备了单金属纳米颗粒用于比较。使用各种技术对制备的纳米颗粒进行表征，包括紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）。后者证实了Ag和ZnO单金属和双金属纳米颗粒的晶体性质和直径。制备的纳米颗粒的SEM图像显示了它们不同的形状。对纳米颗粒的生物活性进行了抗菌、抗氧化和细胞毒性方面的评估。使用时间杀灭法测量抗菌活性。结果表明，单金属和双金属纳米颗粒均能抑制革兰氏阴性（）和革兰氏阳性（）细菌的生长。使用DPPH（2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼）测定法评估纳米颗粒的抗氧化活性，并使用MTT（3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐）测定法检查其细胞毒性。结果表明，单金属和双金属纳米颗粒的控制量不影响细胞活力。然而，细胞（L-929）活力的降低表明纳米颗粒可能具有抗癌特性。此外，使用制备的Ag/ZnO纳米颗粒研究了甲基紫和4-硝基苯酚的光催化降解，考察了影响降解过程的因素，并进行了动力学和热力学研究。与4-硝基苯酚（NPh）相比，制备的Ag/ZnO纳米颗粒对甲基紫表现出良好的光催化降解性能（88.9%）（速率常数为0.0183 min），4-硝基苯酚的降解率分别为81.37%和0.0172 min。总体而言，与Ag和ZnO的单金属纳米颗粒相比，双金属纳米颗粒表现出优异的抗菌、抗氧化、细胞毒性和光催化性能。
