National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), SciLifeLab, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
Nutrients. 2023 Jul 24;15(14):3273. doi: 10.3390/nu15143273.
Dietary interventions modify gut microbiota and clinical outcomes. Weight reduction and improved glucose and lipid homeostasis were observed after adopting an Okinawan-based Nordic diet (O-BN) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to explore changes in metabolomics and gut microbiota during O-BN and correlate changes with clinical outcomes. A total of 30 patients (17 women), aged 57.5 ± 8.2 years, diabetes duration 10.4 ± 7.6 years, 90% over-weight, were included. Participants were provided an O-BN for 12 weeks. Before and after intervention, and 16 weeks afterwards, anthropometry and clinical data were estimated and questionnaires were collected, as well as samples of blood and stool. Plasma metabolomics were determined by gas- (GC-MS) or liquid- (LC-MS) chromatography-based mass spectrometry and fecal microbiota determination was based on 16S rRNA amplicons from regions V1-V2. During the intervention, weight (6.8%), waist circumference (6.1%), and levels of glucose, HbA1c, insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol were decreased. Of 602 metabolites, 323 were changed for any or both periods; 199 (101 lipids) metabolites were decreased while 58 (43 lipids) metabolites were increased during the intervention. Changes in glucose homeostasis were linked to changes in, e.g., 1,5-anhydroglucitol, thyroxine, and chiro-inositol. Changes of microbe beta diversity correlated positively with food components and negatively with IL-18 ( = 0.045). Abundance differences at phylum and genus levels were found. Abundances of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobia correlated with anthropometry, HbA1c, lipids, inflammation, and food. Changes in metabolites and microbiota were reversed after the intervention. The O-BN-induced changes in metabolomics and gut microbiota correspond to clinical outcomes of reduced weight and inflammation and improved glucose and lipid metabolism.
饮食干预可改变肠道微生物群并影响临床结果。在 2 型糖尿病患者中采用基于冲绳的北欧饮食（O-BN）后，可观察到体重减轻以及葡萄糖和脂质代谢的改善。本研究旨在探讨 O-BN 过程中代谢组学和肠道微生物群的变化，并将变化与临床结果相关联。共纳入 30 名患者（17 名女性），年龄 57.5±8.2 岁，糖尿病病程 10.4±7.6 年，90%超重。参与者接受 O-BN 饮食 12 周。在干预前后以及 16 周后，评估人体测量学和临床数据，并收集问卷以及血液和粪便样本。通过气相（GC-MS）或液相（LC-MS）色谱-质谱法测定血浆代谢组学，基于 16S rRNA 扩增子测定粪便微生物群。在干预期间，体重（6.8%）、腰围（6.1%）以及血糖、HbA1c、胰岛素、甘油三酯和胆固醇水平降低。在这两个时期有 323 种代谢物发生变化，其中 199 种（101 种脂质）代谢物减少，58 种（43 种脂质）代谢物增加。葡萄糖稳态的变化与 1,5-脱水葡萄糖醇、甲状腺素和手性肌醇等的变化有关。微生物多样性的变化与食物成分呈正相关，与白细胞介素-18（=0.045）呈负相关。在门和属水平上发现了微生物丰度的差异。放线菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和疣微菌门的丰度与人体测量学、HbA1c、脂质、炎症和食物有关。干预后，代谢物和微生物群的变化得到逆转。O-BN 诱导的代谢组学和肠道微生物群的变化与体重减轻和炎症减轻以及葡萄糖和脂质代谢改善的临床结果相对应。
