García María Teresa, Bautista Elena, de la Fuente Ana, Pérez Lourdes
Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Jun 24;15(7):1806. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071806.
Cholinium-based ionic liquids are compounds increasingly studied in pharmaceutics and biomedicine to enhance bioavailability in drug delivery systems and as bioactive ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations. However, their potential as antimicrobial agents has scarcely been investigated. Herein, we explored the antimicrobial activity of a series of surface-active cholinium-based ionic liquids (Chol-ILs). For this purpose, Chol-ILs with alkyl chains of 10-16 carbon atoms were synthesized and their self-assembly in aqueous medium was investigated. Subsequently, their antimicrobial activity against a panel of clinically relevant bacteria and their ability to eradicate MRSA and PAO1 biofilms was evaluated. Finally, we analyzed the ecotoxicological profile of Chol-ILs in terms of susceptibility to aerobic biodegradation and acute aquatic toxicity against and . Our results reveal that cholinium-based ILs with alkyl chain lengths ≥12 C show a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Their antimicrobial efficacy depends on their hydrophobicity, with the C-C homologs being the most effective compounds. These ILs exhibit antimicrobial activity similar to that of imidazolium ILs and quaternary ammonium antiseptics. Moreover, the longer alkyl chain Chol-ILs are able to eradicate established biofilms at concentrations as low as 16-32 µg/mL. The biodegradation rate of cholinium-based ILs decreases with alkyl chain elongation. Our results reinforce the suitability of Chol-ILs as promising multifunctional compounds for application in pharmaceutical and biomedical formulation.
基于胆碱的离子液体是在制药学和生物医学领域中研究日益增多的化合物，用于提高药物递送系统中的生物利用度，并作为药物制剂中的生物活性成分。然而，它们作为抗菌剂的潜力几乎尚未得到研究。在此，我们探索了一系列具有表面活性的基于胆碱的离子液体（Chol-ILs）的抗菌活性。为此，合成了具有10-16个碳原子烷基链的Chol-ILs，并研究了它们在水性介质中的自组装情况。随后，评估了它们对一组临床相关细菌的抗菌活性以及根除耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和铜绿假单胞菌（PAO1）生物膜的能力。最后，我们从对需氧生物降解的敏感性以及对大型溞和斑马鱼的急性水生毒性方面分析了Chol-ILs的生态毒理学概况。我们的结果表明，烷基链长度≥12个碳的基于胆碱的离子液体具有广谱抗菌活性。它们的抗菌功效取决于其疏水性，其中碳链长度相同的同系物是最有效的化合物。这些离子液体表现出与咪唑鎓离子液体和季铵防腐剂相似的抗菌活性。此外，较长烷基链的Chol-ILs能够在低至16-32 µg/mL的浓度下根除已形成的生物膜。基于胆碱的离子液体的生物降解率随着烷基链的延长而降低。我们的结果进一步证明了Chol-ILs作为有前途的多功能化合物在制药和生物医学制剂中的适用性。
