Sousa Francisco Fábio Oliveira de, Hafidi Zakaria, García María Teresa, Moran Maria Del Carmen, Vazquez Sergio, Pérez Lourdes
Laboratory of Quality Control, Bromatology & Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Department of Biological & Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitscheck, km 02, Macapa 68903-419, Brazil.
Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IQAC-CSIC, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Dec 1;13(12):1149. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13121149.
: Cationic surfactants are potential antimicrobial candidates. Even so, they are the foremost irritative and incompatible group, which limits their usage. The incorporation of surfactants in biopolymer-based nanoparticles is a feasible strategy to improve their efficacy and reduce those drawbacks. : Surfactants with one amino acid on the polar head (lauroyl arginine methyl ester-LAM and phenylalanine dodecyl amide-PNHC) and surfactants with two amino acids on the polar heads, arginine-phenylalanine (Lauroyl phenylalanine arginine methyl esther-CPAM and phenylalanine-arginine dodecyl amide-PANHC) were loaded to zein nanoparticles. Their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities were evaluated. Also, the inhibitory activities of the surfactants and nanoparticles over skin-related enzymes were accessed in silico and in vitro, while their cytotoxicity was determined comparatively over immortal human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human fibroblasts (3T3). Finally, the luminescence reduction test was used to detect its ecotoxicity. : The nanoparticles were obtained successfully and exhibited good biocide activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria and yeasts. The surfactants were found active over the enzymes assayed: elastase > tyrosinase > collagenase > lipoxygenase, while the inhibitory activity was superior when nanoencapsulated over the enzymes tyrosinase and lipoxygenase. The surfactants and their corresponding nanoparticles presented acceptable cytotoxic levels, except for PNHC in both forms, while their ecotoxicity was limited and acceptable. : Accordingly, the nanoencapsulation of the arginine-phenylalanine surfactants loaded to zein nanoparticles was found to be a smart strategy to enhance the antimicrobial activity and improve their selectivity over representative skin and connective tissues cell lines. These biological properties render the arginine-phenylalanine surfactant nanoparticles as promising candidates for antimicrobial and tissue repairing applications in wound treatments.
阳离子表面活性剂是潜在的抗菌候选物。即便如此，它们是最具刺激性且不相容的一类物质，这限制了它们的使用。将表面活性剂掺入基于生物聚合物的纳米颗粒中是一种可行的策略，可提高其功效并减少这些缺点。：在极性头部带有一个氨基酸的表面活性剂（月桂酰精氨酸甲酯-LAM和苯丙氨酸十二烷基酰胺-PNHC）以及在极性头部带有两个氨基酸的表面活性剂，精氨酸-苯丙氨酸（月桂酰苯丙氨酸精氨酸甲酯-CPAM和苯丙氨酸-精氨酸十二烷基酰胺-PANHC）被负载到玉米醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒中。评估了它们的抗菌和抗生物膜活性。此外，通过计算机模拟和体外实验评估了表面活性剂和纳米颗粒对皮肤相关酶的抑制活性，同时比较了它们对永生人类角质形成细胞（HaCaT）和人类成纤维细胞（3T3）的细胞毒性。最后，使用发光减少试验检测其生态毒性。：成功获得了纳米颗粒，其对多种病原菌和酵母菌表现出良好的杀菌活性。发现表面活性剂对所检测的酶有活性：弹性蛋白酶>酪氨酸酶>胶原酶>脂氧合酶，而当纳米包封时，对酪氨酸酶和脂氧合酶的抑制活性更高。除了两种形式的PNHC外，表面活性剂及其相应的纳米颗粒具有可接受的细胞毒性水平，而它们的生态毒性有限且可接受。：因此，将精氨酸-苯丙氨酸表面活性剂负载到玉米醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒中进行纳米包封是一种明智的策略，可增强抗菌活性并提高其对代表性皮肤和结缔组织细胞系的选择性。这些生物学特性使精氨酸-苯丙氨酸表面活性剂纳米颗粒成为伤口治疗中抗菌和组织修复应用的有前途的候选物。
