Li Luzhen, Zhao Changsheng, Wang Xinghua, Tan Yu, Wang Xiaokai, Liu Xuzhen, Guo Beibei
Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.
Environ Res. 2023 Nov 15;237(Pt 1):116781. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116781. Epub 2023 Jul 28.
Soil microorganisms and N cycling are important components of biogeochemical cycling processes. In addition, the study of the effects of nitrification and urease inhibitors on N and microorganisms in greenhouse vegetable fields is essential to reducing N loss and greenhouse gas emissions. The effects of nitrification inhibitors [2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (CP), dicyandiamide (DCD)], and urease inhibitor [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)] on soil inorganic N (NH-N, NO-N and NO-N) concentrations and the production rates of greenhouse gases (NO, CH, and CO) in greenhouse vegetable fields were investigated via indoor incubation experiments. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and high-throughput sequencing technology (Illumina Miseq) were used to explore the community structure and abundance changes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and denitrifying bacteria (nirK and nirS). The results showed that CP and DCD obviously inhibited NH-N conversion, and NO-N, and NO-N accumulation, NBPT slowed down urea hydrolysis and NH-N production, and the apparent nitrification rates of soil were in the following order: NBPT > DCD > DCD + NBPT > CP + NBPT > CP. Compared with urea treatment, the peak NO production rate of inhibitor treatment decreased by 73.30-99.30%, and the production rate of CH and CO decreased by more than 66.16%. DCD and CP reduced the abundance of AOA and AOB, respectively. Furthermore, NBPT hindered the growth of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and nirS-type denitrifying bacteria, and urea and nitrification inhibitors were detrimental to the growth of Ensifer and Sinorhizobium in the nirK community. Nitrification and urease inhibitors can effectively slow down nitrification and greenhouse gas emissions, reduce N loss and improve soil quality by inhibiting the growth of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and denitrifying bacteria.
土壤微生物和氮循环是生物地球化学循环过程的重要组成部分。此外，研究硝化抑制剂和脲酶抑制剂对温室蔬菜地氮和微生物的影响对于减少氮素损失和温室气体排放至关重要。通过室内培养试验，研究了硝化抑制剂[2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶(CP)、双氰胺(DCD)]和脲酶抑制剂[N-(正丁基)硫代磷酸三酰胺(NBPT)]对温室蔬菜地土壤无机氮(NH₄⁺-N、NO₂⁻-N和NO₃⁻-N)浓度及温室气体(NO、CH₄和CO₂)产生速率的影响。采用聚合酶链反应扩增和高通量测序技术(Illumina Miseq)探究氨氧化古菌(AOA)、氨氧化细菌(AOB)和反硝化细菌(nirK和nirS)的群落结构和丰度变化。结果表明，CP和DCD明显抑制NH₄⁺-N转化以及NO₂⁻-N和NO₃⁻-N积累，NBPT减缓尿素水解和NH₄⁺-N产生，土壤表观硝化速率顺序为：NBPT > DCD > DCD + NBPT > CP + NBPT > CP。与尿素处理相比，抑制剂处理的NO产生速率峰值降低了73.30 - 99.30%，CH₄和CO₂产生速率降低超过66.16%。DCD和CP分别降低了AOA和AOB的丰度。此外，NBPT阻碍氨氧化微生物和nirS型反硝化细菌生长，尿素和硝化抑制剂对nirK群落中剑菌属和中华根瘤菌属的生长不利。硝化抑制剂和脲酶抑制剂可通过抑制氨氧化微生物和反硝化细菌生长有效减缓硝化作用和温室气体排放，减少氮素损失并改善土壤质量。
