Lu Jiaoyun, Tian Hong, Xiong Junbo, Wu Xinjiang, Liu Yang, Zhang Heshan
Institute of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding of Hubei Province, Yaoyuan 1, Hongshan, 430064, Wuhan, China.
Curr Microbiol. 2025 Mar 14;82(5):195. doi: 10.1007/s00284-025-04168-3.
Although nitrifying and N-fixing functional gene microbes play a crucial role in regulating ecosystem nitrogen (N) cycling, understanding of how N and phosphorus (P) fertilization affect their community structure remains limited. N fertilizer levels were set to simulate N deposition and combined with different P fertilizer levels, to explore the soil-root-shoot physiological indexes, and the response of community structure of N-fixing and nitrifying microorganisms that caused changes in the N cycle of the system to fertilization. The results showed that N and P fertilization significantly decreased soil N pool (NH-N, NO-N, IN), the concentrations of shoot TN, root TP, root OC, and root biomass, and slowed down soil N flux (net ammoniation rate, net nitrification rate, and net N mineralization rate). This effect was more pronounced under NP fertilization compared to single N or P fertilization. Short-term N and P fertilization had little effect on AOA and AOB. Anaeromyxobacter is a dominant genus of diazotrophs, and its relative abundance was significantly improved by N fertilization. Fertilization significantly increased Geobacter, but significantly decreased the relative abundance of Zoogloea, Rhizobium, and Azohydromonas. Root biomass and TP, soil NH-N, OC, and AP changed by fertilization were the main factors affecting N-fixing microorganisms. This study showed that in addition to soil N, soil OC and P changes caused by fertilization were also important factors affecting the N-cycling microbial community structure. Later relevant studies should also consider the effect of fertilization duration, environmental temperature, soil base condition, etc.
尽管硝化和固氮功能基因微生物在调节生态系统氮（N）循环中起着关键作用，但关于氮磷（P）施肥如何影响其群落结构的了解仍然有限。设置氮肥水平以模拟氮沉降，并结合不同的磷肥水平，以探究土壤 - 根 - 地上部分的生理指标，以及固氮和硝化微生物群落结构对施肥引起的系统氮循环变化的响应。结果表明，氮磷施肥显著降低了土壤氮库（NH₄⁺ - N、NO₃⁻ - N、IN）、地上部分总氮（TN）、根总磷（TP）、根有机碳（OC）浓度以及根生物量，并减缓了土壤氮通量（净氨化率、净硝化率和净氮矿化率）。与单施氮肥或磷肥相比，氮磷配施下这种效应更为明显。短期氮磷施肥对氨氧化古菌（AOA）和氨氧化细菌（AOB）影响较小。厌氧粘细菌是固氮菌的优势属，其相对丰度因施氮而显著提高。施肥显著增加了地杆菌属，但显著降低了动胶菌属、根瘤菌属和水生嗜氮菌属的相对丰度。施肥引起的根生物量和总磷、土壤铵态氮、有机碳和有效磷的变化是影响固氮微生物的主要因素。本研究表明，除了土壤氮之外，施肥引起的土壤有机碳和磷的变化也是影响氮循环微生物群落结构的重要因素。后续相关研究还应考虑施肥持续时间、环境温度、土壤基础条件等的影响。
