Al-Awlaqi Sameh, Dureab Fekri, Tambor Marzena
Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
J Int Humanit Action. 2022;7(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s41018-022-00117-y. Epub 2022 Mar 24.
Yemen has been facing political, economic and social challenges since 1990. The fragility of Yemen's situation has led to a widespread conflict in 2015, resulting in the world's largest humanitarian crisis. Amid the humanitarian catastrophe and the collapsing health system, a platform for coordinating humanitarian health response, called the National Health Cluster, has expanded its operations across the country. The study aims to evaluate the performance of the National Health Cluster in Yemen between 2015 and 2019. A qualitative research design was employed, and ten semi-structured interviews with key Health Cluster stakeholders were conducted. The study applied the Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance in Humanitarian Action (ALNAP) guide to evaluating humanitarian action using the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) criteria. Six evaluation criteria were selected: relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, effects, connectedness and participation. Inputs from interviews were manually transcribed and then analysed using NVivo 12 software. The study results indicate that the Health Cluster in Yemen has contributed to saving lives and strengthening the local health capacities in diseases surveillance. In addition, its positive effect was evident in improving the humanitarian health response coordination. Nevertheless, engaging health stakeholders, especially national organisations, was suboptimal. Exit strategies were lacking, while services to address mental health, non-communicable diseases, senior citizens and people with disabilities were not prioritised in the Health Cluster strategic plans and partners' response. To ameliorate Health Cluster performance, revising its objectives and establishing a cluster-specific rapid response funding mechanism are pivotal. Furthermore, preparing the national health system for recovery and actively engaging all stakeholders in the Health Cluster' response and strategic decisions would maximise its positive impact on Yemen's health system and population.
自1990年以来，也门一直面临政治、经济和社会挑战。也门局势的脆弱性导致2015年爆发了广泛冲突，引发了全球最大的人道主义危机。在这场人道主义灾难和摇摇欲坠的卫生系统背景下，一个名为国家卫生集群的人道主义卫生应对协调平台已在全国范围内扩大了其行动。该研究旨在评估2015年至2019年期间也门国家卫生集群的绩效。采用了定性研究设计，并对卫生集群的主要利益相关者进行了十次半结构化访谈。该研究应用了人道主义行动问责与绩效积极学习网络（ALNAP）指南，以使用发展援助委员会（DAC）标准评估人道主义行动。选择了六个评估标准：相关性、有效性、效率、效果、关联性和参与度。访谈的内容被手动转录，然后使用NVivo 12软件进行分析。研究结果表明，也门的卫生集群为拯救生命和加强疾病监测方面的当地卫生能力做出了贡献。此外，其在改善人道主义卫生应对协调方面的积极作用显而易见。然而，让卫生利益相关者，特别是国家组织参与的情况并不理想。缺乏退出战略，而在卫生集群战略计划和合作伙伴的应对措施中，未将针对心理健康、非传染性疾病、老年人和残疾人的服务列为优先事项。为了改善卫生集群的绩效，修订其目标并建立特定于集群的快速反应资金机制至关重要。此外，让国家卫生系统为恢复做好准备，并积极让所有利益相关者参与卫生集群的应对和战略决策，将使其对也门卫生系统和民众的积极影响最大化。
