Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Exp Physiol. 2020 Aug;105(8):1268-1279. doi: 10.1113/EP088744. Epub 2020 Jun 17.
What is the central question of this study? Does short-term high-intensity interval training alter the composition of the microbiome and is this associated with exercise-induced improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin sensitivity? What is the main finding and its importance? Although high-intensity interval training increased insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular fitness, it did not alter the composition of the microbiome. This suggests that changes in the composition of the microbiome that occur with prolonged exercise training might be in response to changes in metabolic health rather than driving exercise training-induced adaptations.
Regular exercise reduces the risk of metabolic diseases, and the composition of the gut microbiome has been associated with metabolic function. We investigated whether short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) altered the diversity and composition of the bacterial community and whether there were associations with markers of insulin sensitivity or aerobic fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness ( ) and body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan) were assessed and faecal and fasted blood samples collected from 14 lean (fat mass 21 ± 2%, aged 29 ± 2 years) and 15 overweight (fat mass 33 ± 2%, aged 31 ± 2 years) men before and after 3 weeks of HIIT training (8-12 × 60 s cycle ergometer bouts at power output interspersed by 75 s rest, three times per week). Gut microbiome composition was analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The HIIT significantly increased the aerobic fitness of both groups (P < 0.001) and improved markers of insulin sensitivity (lowered fasted insulin and HOMA-IR; P < 0.001) in the overweight group. Despite differences in the abundance of several bacterial taxa being evident between the lean and overweight group, HIIT did not affect the overall bacterial diversity or community structure (α-diversity or β-diversity). No associations were found between the top 50 most abundant bacterial genera and cardiorespiratory fitness markers; however, significant associations (P < 0.05) were observed between the abundance of the bacterial species Coprococcus_3, Blautia, Lachnospiraceae_ge and Dorea and insulin sensitivity markers in the overweight group. Our results suggest that short-term HIIT does not greatly impact the overall composition of the gut microbiome, but that certain microbiome genera are associated with insulin sensitivity markers that were improved by HIIT in overweight participants.
本研究的核心问题是什么？短期高强度间歇训练是否会改变微生物组的组成，而这与运动引起的心肺功能和胰岛素敏感性的改善有关？主要发现及其重要性是什么？尽管高强度间歇训练提高了胰岛素敏感性和心血管健康，但它并没有改变微生物组的组成。这表明，与长期运动训练相关的微生物组组成的变化可能是对代谢健康变化的反应，而不是驱动运动训练引起的适应性变化。
定期运动可降低代谢性疾病的风险，而肠道微生物组的组成与代谢功能有关。我们研究了短期高强度间歇训练（HIIT）是否改变了细菌群落的多样性和组成，以及是否与胰岛素敏感性或有氧健身的标志物有关。心肺功能（ ）和身体成分（双能 X 射线吸收法扫描）进行了评估，并在 14 名瘦人（脂肪量 21 ± 2%，年龄 29 ± 2 岁）和 15 名超重者（脂肪量 33 ± 2%，年龄 31 ± 2 岁）进行了空腹血样采集）之前和之后，进行了 HIIT 训练（每周三次，8-12×60 s 踏车运动，功率输出为 ，间隔 75 s 休息）。通过 16S rRNA 基因扩增子测序分析肠道微生物组组成。HIIT 显著增加了两组的有氧健身能力（P < 0.001），并改善了超重组的胰岛素敏感性标志物（降低空腹胰岛素和 HOMA-IR；P < 0.001）。尽管在瘦组和超重组之间存在几种细菌分类群丰度的差异，但 HIIT 并未影响整体细菌多样性或群落结构（α多样性或β多样性）。在心肺功能标志物与前 50 种最丰富的细菌属之间没有发现关联；然而，在超重组中，细菌 Coprococcus_3、Blautia、Lachnospiraceae_ge 和 Dorea 的丰度与胰岛素敏感性标志物之间存在显著关联（P < 0.05）。我们的结果表明，短期 HIIT 不会极大地影响肠道微生物组的整体组成，但某些微生物组属与 HIIT 改善超重参与者的胰岛素敏感性标志物有关。
