School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 10872, China.
School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 10872, China.
Waste Manag. 2023 Sep 1;169:363-373. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.030. Epub 2023 Jul 29.
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are emerging environmental pollutants that cause endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Sewage sludge is an important source of tri-OPFRs that are released into the environment. The occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk of OPFRs in the full-scale "Cambi® thermal hydrolysis (TH) + advanced anaerobic digestion (AAD) + plate-frame pressure filtration" sludge treatment process is closely related to the application of sewage sludge. We tested sludge samples from a wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, China. Nine tri-OPFRs were detected in the sludge samples collected at different treatment units during four seasons. The ΣOPFRs decreased from 1,742.65-2,579.68 ng/g to 971.48-1,702.22 ng/g. The mass flow of tri-OPFRs in treated sludge decreased by 61.4%, 48.9%, 42.4%, and 63.9% in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, effectively reducing the corresponding ecological risk. The ecological risk of tri-OPFRs in sludge in forestland utilization mainly lies in chlorinated tri-OPFRs, especially TCPP and TCEP. No >42.20 t/hm of sludge could be used continuously for one year to prevent tri-OPFRs from exceeding the low ecological risk level, indicating that the current commonly applied proportion of sludge (1.6-30 t/hm) will likely not raise the ecological risk of tri-OPFRs.
有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs）是新兴的环境污染物，会对内分泌系统、神经系统和生殖系统造成破坏。污水污泥是三有机磷阻燃剂（tri-OPFRs）释放到环境中的一个重要来源。在“Cambi® 热水解（TH）+ 高级厌氧消化（AAD）+ 板框压滤”污泥处理工艺的全规模应用中，OPFRs 的发生、分布和生态风险与污泥的应用密切相关。我们测试了来自中国北京一家污水处理厂的污泥样本。在四个季节的不同处理单元中采集的污泥样本中检测到了九种三有机磷阻燃剂。ΣOPFRs 从 1742.65-2579.68ng/g 降至 971.48-1702.22ng/g。处理后污泥中三有机磷阻燃剂的质量流在春季、夏季、秋季和冬季分别减少了 61.4%、48.9%、42.4%和 63.9%，有效地降低了相应的生态风险。林地利用中污泥的三有机磷阻燃剂生态风险主要在于氯化三有机磷阻燃剂，特别是 TCPP 和 TCEP。为防止三有机磷阻燃剂超过低生态风险水平，每年连续使用 42.20 吨/公顷以下的污泥是可行的，这表明当前普遍应用的污泥比例（1.6-30 吨/公顷）不太可能会提高三有机磷阻燃剂的生态风险。
