Meisel Samuel N, Treloar Padovano Hayley, Pielech Melissa, Goodyear Kimberly, Miranda Robert
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA.
E. P. Bradley Hospital, Riverside, Rhode Island, 02915, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken). 2023 May;47(5):975-985. doi: 10.1111/acer.15057. Epub 2023 Jun 3.
Although peers figure prominently in developmental models of alcohol use, our understanding of the influence of peer social context in cue reactivity paradigms with adolescents and emerging adults in the human laboratory and the natural environment is limited. This study tested associations between alcohol craving among youth in the human laboratory using alcohol-related images, with and without peers, and in the natural environment using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).
Data for this preregistered secondary analysis were collected prior to randomization in two medication trials (N = 115). Participants completed an image cue exposure paradigm at the baseline laboratory session followed by approximately 7 days of EMA.
In the laboratory, model-based mean comparisons from multilevel models (MLMs) showed that all drinking images elicited greater craving than neutral images. No differences were observed across the three image categories containing alcohol. Image category by age interactions demonstrated that, compared to older youth, younger youth displayed lower craving in response to neutral versus social drinking context with peers images and older, compared to younger, youth displayed higher craving in response to nonsocial drinking images versus social drinking contexts with peers images. In the natural environment, craving was greatest when youth were in the presence of alcohol-using peers and alcohol-related cues, regardless of age. Laboratory craving to alcohol images was positively associated with craving in the natural environment.
For youth, peers are a salient social context associated with increased craving, particularly in the natural environment. Laboratory cue reactivity to alcohol images predicted real-world craving, further supporting the ecological validity of this paradigm in youth.
尽管同龄人在酒精使用的发展模型中占据显著地位，但我们对同龄人社交环境在人类实验室和自然环境中对青少年和新兴成年人线索反应范式的影响的理解有限。本研究测试了在人类实验室中，有或没有同龄人的情况下，使用与酒精相关的图像时青少年的酒精渴望与在自然环境中使用生态瞬时评估（EMA）时的酒精渴望之间的关联。
在两项药物试验（N = 115）随机分组之前，收集了本次预先注册的二次分析的数据。参与者在基线实验室环节完成了图像线索暴露范式，随后进行了约7天的EMA。
在实验室中，多层次模型（MLM）基于模型的均值比较显示，所有饮酒图像引发的渴望都比中性图像更大。在包含酒精的三个图像类别中未观察到差异。图像类别与年龄的交互作用表明，与年龄较大的青少年相比，年龄较小的青少年对与同龄人一起的中性与社交饮酒情境图像的反应中渴望较低，而年龄较大的青少年与年龄较小的青少年相比，对非社交饮酒图像与与同龄人一起的社交饮酒情境图像的反应中渴望较高。在自然环境中，无论年龄大小，当青少年与饮酒的同龄人及与酒精相关的线索在一起时，渴望最为强烈。实验室中对酒精图像的渴望与自然环境中的渴望呈正相关。
对于青少年来说，同龄人是与渴望增加相关的显著社交环境，特别是在自然环境中。实验室对酒精图像的线索反应预测了现实世界中的渴望，进一步支持了该范式在青少年中的生态效度。
