Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
J Med Internet Res. 2023 Aug 4;25:e44638. doi: 10.2196/44638.
Mindfulness-based mobile apps have become popular tools for enhancing well-being in today's fast-paced world. Their ability to reduce geographical, financial, and social barriers makes them a promising alternative to traditional interventions.
As most available apps lack a theoretical framework, this review aimed to evaluate their effectiveness and assess their quality. We expected to find small sample sizes, high dropout rates, and small effect sizes in the included studies.
A systematic literature search was conducted using PsycInfo, PsycNet, PubMed, an institutional search engine (u:search), and Google Scholar. Randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of mobile mindfulness apps on well-being in nonclinical samples were included. Study selection, risk of bias (using the version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials), and reporting quality (using selected CONSORT [Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials] statement criteria) assessments were performed by 2 authors independently and discussed until a consensus was reached.
The 28 included randomized controlled trials differed in well-being measures, apps, and intervention duration (7 to 56 days; median duration 28 days). A wide range of sample sizes (12 to 2282; median 161) and attrition rates (0% to 84.7%; median rate 23.4%) were observed. Most studies (19/28, 68%) reported positive effects on at least one aspect of well-being. The effects were presented using different metrics but were primarily small or small to medium in size. Overall risk of bias was mostly high.
The wide range of sample sizes, attrition rates, and intervention periods and the variation in well-being measures and mobile apps contributed to the limited comparability of the studies. Although most studies (16/28, 57%) reported small or small to medium effects for at least one well-being outcome, this review demonstrates that the generalizability of the results is limited. Further research is needed to obtain more consistent conclusions regarding the impact of mindfulness-based mobile apps on well-being in nonclinical populations.
在当今快节奏的世界中，基于正念的移动应用程序已成为增强幸福感的流行工具。它们能够减少地域、经济和社会障碍，因此成为传统干预措施的有前途的替代方案。
由于大多数可用的应用程序都缺乏理论框架，因此本综述旨在评估它们的有效性并评估其质量。我们预计在纳入的研究中会发现样本量小、辍学率高和效应量小的情况。
使用 PsycInfo、PsycNet、PubMed、机构搜索引擎（u:search）和 Google Scholar 进行了系统文献检索。纳入了评估非临床样本中移动正念应用程序对幸福感影响的随机对照试验。由 2 位作者独立进行研究选择、偏倚风险评估（使用 Cochrane 随机试验风险偏倚工具版本 2）和报告质量评估（使用选定的 CONSORT [临床试验报告标准]声明标准），并进行讨论直到达成共识。
28 项纳入的随机对照试验在幸福感测量、应用程序和干预持续时间（7 至 56 天；中位数持续时间 28 天）方面存在差异。观察到样本量（12 至 2282；中位数 161）和辍学率（0%至 84.7%；中位数率 23.4%）的范围很广。大多数研究（19/28，68%）报告了对至少一个幸福感方面的积极影响。这些影响使用不同的指标呈现，但主要是小或小到中等大小。整体偏倚风险主要较高。
样本量、辍学率和干预期以及幸福感测量和移动应用程序的变化范围很大，导致研究之间的可比性有限。尽管大多数研究（16/28，57%）报告了至少一个幸福感结果的小或小到中等效应，但本综述表明，结果的普遍性有限。需要进一步研究以获得关于基于正念的移动应用程序对非临床人群幸福感影响的更一致结论。
