Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 1;902:166000. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166000. Epub 2023 Aug 2.
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) are generally used in crop production. Their widespread use on agricultural soil has raised concerns regarding their health and ecological risks. Previous studies have reported the contamination of the farmland soils with NEOs from the coastal provinces of China. Information about NEOs at the national scale as well as the residues of their metabolites are relatively unknown. In this study, 391 soil samples were collected from 31 provinces in nine agricultural regions across mainland China, and the concentrations of ten parent NEOs and three metabolites were determined. At least one NEO was detected in all soil samples, with the sum of the NEOs (ΣNEOs) ranging from 0.04 to 702 μg/kg. The most common parent NEO and metabolite are imidacloprid and imidacloprid-urea, respectively. The concentrations of NEOs in coastal regions at the same latitude were higher than those in inland regions. The NEOs were further compared in the soils of seven types of monocrops and three types of multiple crops (multicrops) (i.e., two types of crops were produced in succession or simultaneously within the decade of this study). The results showed that the highest NEO residues were found in soils planted with vegetables (VE), fruits (FR), and cotton (CO) monocrops and VE & FR multicrops. Differences in NEO concentrations were observed between soils planted with monocrops and multicrops. For example, VE & FR > VE > vegetables and grains (VE & GR) > GR. Moreover, the health risks posed by NEOs in agricultural soils in China are extremely low, and the ecological risks require urgent attention. Particularly, individual NEOs in > 45% of agricultural soils in mainland China may have sublethal effects on two non-target species (HQ > 0.01).
新烟碱类杀虫剂（NEOs）通常用于作物生产。它们在农业土壤中的广泛使用引起了人们对其健康和生态风险的关注。先前的研究报告了中国沿海省份农田土壤中 NEOs 的污染情况。关于全国范围内 NEOs 以及其代谢物残留的信息相对较少。在这项研究中，从中国大陆九个农业区的 31 个省采集了 391 个土壤样本，测定了 10 种母体 NEO 和 3 种代谢物的浓度。所有土壤样本中均至少检测到一种 NEO，NEO 总和（ΣNEOs）范围为 0.04 至 702μg/kg。最常见的母体 NEO 和代谢物分别为吡虫啉和吡虫啉-脲。同一纬度沿海地区的 NEO 浓度高于内陆地区。还比较了 7 种单作和 3 种多作物（multicrops）土壤中的 NEOs（即在本研究的十年间，两种作物连续或同时种植）。结果表明，蔬菜（VE）、水果（FR）和棉花（CO）单作以及 VE 和 FR 多作土壤中 NEO 残留量最高。单作和多作土壤中 NEO 浓度存在差异。例如，VE 和 FR>VE>蔬菜和谷物（VE 和 GR）>GR。此外，中国农业土壤中 NEO 带来的健康风险极低，但生态风险需要紧急关注。特别是在中国大陆超过 45%的农业土壤中，个别 NEOs 可能对两种非靶标物种产生亚致死影响（HQ>0.01）。
