School of Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Arch Virol. 2023 Aug 5;168(8):221. doi: 10.1007/s00705-023-05848-w.
Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), which, like smallpox, is characterised by skin rashes. While the world is currently grappling with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the appearance of MPXV has presented a global threat and raised concerns worldwide. Since May 2022, MPXV has spread rapidly in non-endemic mpox areas. As of 27 June 2023, the virus has spread to more than 112 countries and regions, with over 88,060 laboratory-confirmed cases and 147 deaths. Thus, measures to control the mpox epidemic are urgently needed. As the principal methods for identifying and monitoring mpox, laboratory detection techniques play an important role in mpox diagnosis. This review summarises the currently-used laboratory techniques for MPXV detection, discusses progress in improving these methods, and compares the benefits and limitations of various diagnostic detection methods. Currently, nucleic acid amplification tests, such as the polymerase chain reaction, are the most commonly used. Immunological methods have also been applied to diagnose the disease, which can help us discover new features of MPXV, improve diagnostic accuracy, track epidemic trends, and guide future prevention and control strategies, which are also vital for controlling mpox epidemics. This review provides a resource for the scientific community and should stimulate more research and development in alternative diagnostics to be applied to this and future public health crises.
猴痘（原名猴痘病毒）是一种由猴痘病毒（MPXV）引起的人畜共患疾病，与天花一样，其特征是皮疹。虽然世界目前正在努力应对 2019 年冠状病毒病大流行，但 MPXV 的出现给全球带来了威胁，并引起了全球的关注。自 2022 年 5 月以来，MPXV 在非流行地区迅速传播。截至 2023 年 6 月 27 日，该病毒已传播到 112 个以上的国家和地区，实验室确诊病例超过 88060 例，死亡 147 例。因此，迫切需要采取措施控制猴痘疫情。作为识别和监测猴痘的主要方法，实验室检测技术在猴痘诊断中发挥着重要作用。本综述总结了目前用于检测 MPXV 的实验室技术，讨论了改进这些方法的进展，并比较了各种诊断检测方法的优缺点。目前，聚合酶链反应等核酸扩增检测是最常用的方法。免疫方法也已应用于诊断该疾病，这有助于我们发现 MPXV 的新特征，提高诊断准确性，跟踪疫情趋势，并指导未来的预防和控制策略，这对于控制猴痘疫情也至关重要。本综述为科学界提供了一个资源，应该会激发更多针对替代诊断的研究和开发，以应用于这一和未来的公共卫生危机。
