Global Waste Research Institute, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
Waste Manag. 2023 Sep 1;169:392-398. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.010. Epub 2023 Aug 4.
A first foundational assessment is provided for disaster debris reconnaissance that includes identifying tools and techniques for reconnaissance activities, identifying challenges in field reconnaissance, and identifying and developing preliminary guidelines and standards based on advancements from a workshop held in 2022. In this workshop, reconnaissance activities were analyzed in twofold: in relation to post-disaster debris and waste materials and in relation to waste management infrastructure. A four-phase timeline was included to capture the full lifecycle of management activities ranging from collection to temporary storage to final management route: pre-disaster or pre-reconnaissance, post-disaster response (days/weeks), short-term recovery (weeks/months), and long-term recovery (months/years). For successful reconnaissance, objectives of field activities and data collection needs; data types and metrics; and measurement and determination methods need to be identified. A reconnaissance framework, represented using a 3x2x2x4 matrix, is proposed to incorporate data attributes (tools, challenges, guides), reconnaissance attributes (debris, infrastructure; factors, actions), and time attributes (pre-event, response, short-term, long-term). This framework supports field reconnaissance missions and protocols that are longitudinally based and focused on post-disaster waste material and infrastructure metrics that advance sustainable materials management practices. To properly frame and develop effective reconnaissance activities, actions for all data attributes (tools, challenges, guides) are proposed to integrate sustainability and resilience considerations. While existing metrics, tools, methods, standards, and protocols can be adapted for sustainable post-disaster materials management reconnaissance, development of new approaches are needed for addressing unique aspects of disaster debris management.
为灾难残骸勘察提供了初步基础评估，包括确定勘察活动的工具和技术，识别野外勘察中的挑战，以及根据 2022 年举办的研讨会的进展情况，确定和制定初步准则和标准。在该研讨会上，勘察活动从两个方面进行了分析：一是与灾后残骸和废物材料有关，二是与废物管理基础设施有关。包含了一个四阶段时间表，以捕捉从收集到临时储存再到最终管理路径的管理活动的整个生命周期：灾难前或勘察前、灾后响应（天/周）、短期恢复（周/月）和长期恢复（月/年）。为了成功进行勘察，需要确定现场活动的目标和数据收集需求、数据类型和指标，以及测量和确定方法。提出了一个勘察框架，使用 3x2x2x4 矩阵表示，纳入数据属性（工具、挑战、指南）、勘察属性（残骸、基础设施；因素、行动）和时间属性（事前、响应、短期、长期）。该框架支持基于纵向和关注灾后废物和基础设施指标的现场勘察任务和协议，以推进可持续材料管理实践。为了正确制定和开展有效的勘察活动，针对所有数据属性（工具、挑战、指南）提出了行动建议，以纳入可持续性和弹性因素。虽然可以对现有的指标、工具、方法、标准和协议进行调整，以用于可持续的灾后材料管理勘察，但需要开发新方法来应对灾害残骸管理的独特方面。
