CPISPR-Cas13 系统的发现、分类与应用。

Discovery, classification and application of the CPISPR-Cas13 system.

机构信息

School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.

School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.

出版信息

Technol Health Care. 2024;32(2):525-544. doi: 10.3233/THC-230258.

DOI:10.3233/THC-230258

PMID:37545273

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system is an acquired immune system of bacteria and archaea. Continued research has resulted in the identification of other Cas13 proteins.

OBJECTIVE

This review briefly describes the discovery, classification, and application of the CRISPR-Cas13 system, including recent technological advances in addition to factors affecting system performance.

METHODS

Cas13-based molecular therapy of human, animal, and plant transcriptomes was discussed, including regulation of gene expression to combat pathogenic RNA viruses. In addition, the latest progress, potential shortcomings, and challenges of the CRISPR-Cas system for treatment of animal and plant diseases are reviewed.

RESULTS

The CRISPR-Cas system VI is characterized by two RNA-guided higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide-binding domains. CRISPR RNA can cleave specific RNA through the interaction between the stem-loop rich chain of uracil residues and the Cas13a protein. The CRISPR-Cas13 system has been applied for gene editing in animal and plant cells, in addition to biological detection via accurate targeting of single-stranded RNA.

CONCLUSION

The CRISPR-Cas13 system offers a high-throughput and convenient technology for detection of viruses and potentially the development of anti-cancer drugs in the near future.

摘要

背景

成簇规律间隔短回文重复（CRISPR）-Cas 系统是细菌和古菌的一种获得性免疫系统。持续的研究导致了其他 Cas13 蛋白的鉴定。

目的

本综述简要描述了 CRISPR-Cas13 系统的发现、分类和应用，包括除了影响系统性能的因素外，还介绍了最近的技术进展。

方法

讨论了基于 Cas13 的人类、动物和植物转录组的分子治疗，包括调节基因表达以对抗致病性 RNA 病毒。此外，还回顾了 CRISPR-Cas 系统在动植物疾病治疗方面的最新进展、潜在的缺点和挑战。

结果

CRISPR-Cas 系统 VI 的特点是两个 RNA 指导的高等真核生物和原核生物核苷酸结合结构域。CRISPR RNA 可以通过富含尿嘧啶残基的茎环与 Cas13a 蛋白的相互作用来切割特定的 RNA。CRISPR-Cas13 系统已被应用于动物和植物细胞的基因编辑，以及通过对单链 RNA 的精确靶向进行生物检测。