Ahmad Farhan, Joshi Shiv H
Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2023 Jul 5;15(7):e41409. doi: 10.7759/cureus.41409. eCollection 2023 Jul.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-standing, continuously growing metabolic ailment in which levels of glucose in the blood increase due to a total (DM of type 1) or incomplete (DM of type 2) decrease in the level of the hormone insulin. Diabetes mellitus affects a large number of individuals worldwide, and as more people develop the disease, the burden will double from what it is now. The requirements of people suffering from diabetes are not only confined to the control of blood glucose; there is also a need to prevent disabilities, side effects, and difficulties in rehabilitation. Studies suggest that seven self-care practices for individuals suffering from this disease have shown good outcomes. Those practices include assessment of sugar levels in the blood, consuming healthy foods, remaining physically active, taking medications regularly and on time, maintaining healthy behavior, and decreasing risk factors. All of these practices collectively have shown good results in maintaining blood glucose levels, decreasing side effects, and increasing life expectancy in people with diabetes mellitus. Those who have DM and practice self-care have shown positive results by reducing the complications of DM, decreasing its progression, and leading to a huge reduction in the burden due to DM. Despite these positive changes, people sticking to these self-care practices are very few, specifically when we see broad and chronic changes. There are many positive contributing factors, such as social factors, demographic factors, and various socio-economic factors, but the role of physicians in increasing the practices associated with personal care for people with this disease is crucial and most important for the desired outcome. Keeping in mind the burden and multidimensional nature of the disorder, proper systematic and combined efforts are needed to increase these self-care practices in patients with diabetes to reduce any chronic side effects and complications.
糖尿病（DM）是一种长期存在且不断增加的代谢性疾病，由于激素胰岛素水平完全（1型糖尿病）或部分（2型糖尿病）下降，导致血液中的葡萄糖水平升高。糖尿病影响着全球大量人群，随着越来越多的人患上这种疾病，其负担将比现在翻倍。糖尿病患者的需求不仅限于控制血糖；还需要预防残疾、副作用和康复困难。研究表明，针对该疾病患者的七种自我护理措施已显示出良好效果。这些措施包括检测血糖水平、食用健康食品、保持身体活跃、按时规律服药、保持健康行为以及降低风险因素。所有这些措施共同在维持糖尿病患者的血糖水平、减少副作用和延长预期寿命方面都显示出了良好效果。那些患有糖尿病并进行自我护理的人通过减少糖尿病并发症、减缓其进展以及大幅减轻糖尿病负担，已取得了积极成果。尽管有这些积极变化，但坚持这些自我护理措施的人却很少，尤其是考虑到广泛而长期的变化时。存在许多积极的促成因素，如社会因素、人口因素和各种社会经济因素，但医生在增加与该疾病患者个人护理相关的措施方面所起的作用对于实现预期结果至关重要且最为关键。考虑到该疾病的负担和多维度性质，需要采取适当的系统和综合措施来增加糖尿病患者的这些自我护理措施，以减少任何慢性副作用和并发症。
