Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Bloodstream Infection with Carbapenem-Resistant in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors of carbapenem-resistant (CRPA) bloodstream infections in patients with hematologic malignancies.

METHODS

Medical records and drug susceptibility data of patients with hematologic malignancies complicated by CRPA bloodstream infections admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022, were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 64 patients were included in the study, with a mortality rate of 37.5% (24/64) at 28 days after the occurrence of CRPA bloodstream infection. In Cox regression analysis, an absolute neutrophil count <0.5×10/L at discharge (HR 0.039, 95% CI 0.006 ~ 0.258, =0.001), admission to the intensive care unit (HR 7.546, 95% CI 1.345 ~ 42.338, = 0.022), and a higher Pitt bacteremia score (HR 0.207, 95% CI 0.046 ~ 0.939, = 0.041) were independent risk factors associated with 28-day mortality. Survival analysis showed that patients receiving ceftazidime-avibactam-based (HR 0.368, 95% CI 0.107~ 1.268, = 0.023) or polymyxin B (HR 2.561, 95% CI 0.721 ~ 9.101, = 0.015) therapy had a higher survival rate.

CONCLUSION

Patients with hematologic neoplasms had high mortality from CRPA bloodstream infections, and admission to the intensive care unit, higher Pitt bacteremia score (PBS) scores, granulocyte deficiency, and granulocyte deficiency at discharge were independently associated with higher mortality. Early anti-infective treatment with ceftazidime-avibactam or polymyxin B may improve the clinical prognosis of patients.