Symons Isabella K, Bruce Lyndell, Main Luana C
School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Sports Med Open. 2023 Aug 8;9(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s40798-023-00614-3.
Endurance sports require significant training loads to elicit the desired training effects on an athlete's body. However, if adequate recovery is not provided, overtraining may occur, with corresponding decrements in performance. As such, there is a need for measures that can be tracked, to monitor athlete adaptation to training loads, and provide early warning of possible maladaptation. The aim of this review was to determine if a relationship exists between overtraining and cognitive function in endurance athletes.
A systematic search of AMED, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and APA PsycINFO was conducted. Eligibility criteria included original peer reviewed research, written in English, published between January 2000 and May 2022, and using human participants. Of the 221 articles screened, a total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review.
The findings of the review suggest that there is a relationship between overtraining and cognitive function with all seven studies finding that cognitive performance declined in response to athletes becoming overreached or overtrained. These studies found that reaction time (as measured by Stroop colour test) increased in response to both overreaching and overtraining.
Cognitive function tests such as the Stroop Colour Test could be included as part of a broader programme for monitoring athlete adaptation to training.
耐力运动需要大量的训练负荷才能对运动员的身体产生预期的训练效果。然而，如果没有提供足够的恢复时间，可能会发生过度训练，导致成绩相应下降。因此，需要有可跟踪的指标来监测运动员对训练负荷的适应情况，并对可能的适应不良提供早期预警。本综述的目的是确定耐力运动员的过度训练与认知功能之间是否存在关联。
对AMED、MEDLINE、SPORTDiscus和APA PsycINFO进行了系统检索。纳入标准包括2000年1月至2022年5月期间发表的、以英文撰写的、经过同行评审的原创研究，且研究对象为人类参与者。在筛选的221篇文章中，共有7项研究符合纳入标准并被纳入本综述。
综述结果表明，过度训练与认知功能之间存在关联，所有7项研究均发现，随着运动员出现过度训练或过度疲劳，认知表现会下降。这些研究发现，反应时间（通过Stroop颜色测试测量）会随着过度训练和过度疲劳而增加。
诸如Stroop颜色测试等认知功能测试可作为监测运动员训练适应情况的更广泛计划的一部分。
