Zhang Kexin, Ju Yanmin, Yang Di, Cao Mengyu, Liang Hong, Leng Jiyan
Department of Cadre Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jul 25;10:1228821. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1228821. eCollection 2023.
This study assessed the risk factors for falls and evaluated the correlation between body composition, serological indices, and the risk of falls in older individuals.
This cross-sectional study included 387 individuals ≥60 years of age in the cadre ward of the First Hospital of Jilin University. The information used in this study was obtained from the comprehensive geriatric assessment database of the cadre ward. The body composition of the individuals was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis using an InBody S10 device. We assessed fall risk using the fall risk assessment tool. Individuals with ≤2 points were placed in the low-risk group, those with 3-9 points were placed in the medium-risk group, and those with ≥10 points were placed in the high-risk group.
Differences in age, educational background, height, cognitive impairment, malnutrition, ability of daily living, depression, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, intracellular water, total body moisture, water ratio, limb moisture (right and left, upper and lower), trunk moisture, fat-free weight, arm girth, body cell mass, skeletal muscle mass, limb muscle (right and left, upper and lower), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), sarcopenia, hemoglobin level, hematocrit level, aspartate aminotransferase level, albumin level, anemia, and hypoproteinemia were observed among the three groups ( < 0.001, = 0.002, = 0.006, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, = 0.008, = 0.010). Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of the fall risk increasing by one level was 1.902 times higher for each unit of decrease in educational background, respectively. In addition, the probability of the fall risk increasing by one level was 2.971, 3.732, 3.804, 1.690 and 2.155 times higher for each additional unit of age, cognitive impairment, lower limb edema, decreased skeletal muscle mass, and sarcopenia, respectively.
Our findings suggest that educational background, age, cognitive impairment, lower limb edema, decreased skeletal muscle mass, and sarcopenia were associated with falls in older individuals. Body composition and serological indices can assist in the early identification of falls in the older people.
本研究评估了老年人跌倒的风险因素，并评估了身体成分、血清学指标与老年人跌倒风险之间的相关性。
本横断面研究纳入了吉林大学第一医院干部病房387名年龄≥60岁的个体。本研究使用的信息来自干部病房的综合老年评估数据库。使用InBody S10设备通过生物电阻抗分析测量个体的身体成分。我们使用跌倒风险评估工具评估跌倒风险。得分≤2分的个体被归为低风险组，得分3 - 9分的个体被归为中风险组，得分≥10分的个体被归为高风险组。
三组在年龄、教育背景、身高、认知障碍、营养不良、日常生活能力、抑郁、舒张压、心率、细胞内液、全身水分、水分比例、肢体水分（左右、上下）、躯干水分、去脂体重、上臂围、身体细胞量、骨骼肌量、肢体肌肉（左右、上下）、四肢骨骼肌量指数（ASMI）、肌肉减少症、血红蛋白水平、血细胞比容水平、天冬氨酸转氨酶水平、白蛋白水平、贫血和低蛋白血症方面存在差异（<0.001，=0.002，=0.006，<0.001，<0.001，<0.001，<0.001，<0.001，=0.008，=0.010）。有序逻辑回归分析表明，教育背景每降低一个单位，跌倒风险增加一级的概率分别高1.902倍。此外，年龄每增加一个单位、认知障碍、下肢水肿、骨骼肌量减少和肌肉减少症，跌倒风险增加一级的概率分别高2.971、3.732、3.804、1.690和2.155倍。
我们的研究结果表明，教育背景、年龄、认知障碍、下肢水肿、骨骼肌量减少和肌肉减少症与老年人跌倒有关。身体成分和血清学指标有助于早期识别老年人的跌倒情况。
