Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Assiut, 2014101, Assiut, Egypt.
J Fluoresc. 2024 Jul;34(4):1617-1630. doi: 10.1007/s10895-023-03359-0. Epub 2023 Aug 11.
Herein, a turn "Off/On" fluorescence probe based on ZnO quantum dots (ZnO-QDs) has been proposed and successfully utilized for the determination of Ara-C (cytarabine) using ceric ions (Ce) as quencher and ethylenediamine (ED) as a linker. The probe is based initially on the quenching effect of Ce ions on the strong native fluorescence of ZnO-QDs forming the Turn Off system (Ce@ZnO-QDs) that believed to occur due to the aggregation-induced quenching (AIQ) mechanism. The second step is the addition of Ara-C in the presence of ethylenediamine (ED) that encourages the formation of Ara-C/ED/Ce as well as the release of the free ZnO-QDs, leading to the recovery of the fluorescence intensity. The developed sensing platform shows a linear response towards Ara-C over the range of 10 to 1000 ng mL giving a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.22 ng mL and 3.70 ng mL, respectively. A dispersive magnetic solid phase micro-extraction (dMSPE) method was developed and optimized for the extraction of Ara-C in spiked human plasma using thiol-modified magnetite nanoparticles (S-MNPs). The proposed platform exhibits good sensitivity toward Ara-C in the presence of different interfering substances. Excellent recoveries are obtained after spiking different concentrations of Ara-C into rabbit plasma samples. The validated experimental parameters have been successfully applied to monitor the pharmacokinetic profile of Ara-C in rabbit plasma. A detailed adsorption kinetics study has been carried out to provide a deep insight into the adsorption behavior of Ara-C on the thiol-doped-magnetite nanoparticles. The greenness assessment of the proposed method was achieved and compared with other reported methods using two tools of greenness; the green analytical procedure index (GAPI) and the analytical greenness calculator AGREE.
本文提出了一种基于氧化锌量子点（ZnO-QDs）的荧光探针，成功地利用铈离子（Ce）作为猝灭剂和乙二胺（ED）作为连接体来测定阿糖胞苷（Ara-C）。该探针最初基于 Ce 离子对 ZnO-QDs 强本征荧光的猝灭效应，形成关闭系统（Ce@ZnO-QDs），这被认为是由于聚集诱导猝灭（AIQ）机制所致。第二步是在乙二胺（ED）存在下加入 Ara-C，鼓励形成 Ara-C/ED/Ce 以及释放游离的 ZnO-QDs，从而恢复荧光强度。所开发的传感平台对 Ara-C 表现出线性响应，范围为 10 至 1000 ng mL，检测限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为 1.22 ng mL 和 3.70 ng mL。开发并优化了一种分散固相微萃取（dMSPE）方法，用于巯基修饰的磁铁矿纳米粒子（S-MNPs）萃取人血浆中的 Ara-C。在存在不同干扰物质的情况下，该平台对 Ara-C 具有良好的灵敏度。在向兔血浆样品中加入不同浓度的 Ara-C 后，获得了良好的回收率。验证后的实验参数已成功应用于监测兔血浆中 Ara-C 的药代动力学特征。进行了详细的吸附动力学研究，以深入了解 Ara-C 在巯基掺杂磁铁矿纳米粒子上的吸附行为。利用绿色分析程序指数（GAPI）和分析绿色计算器 AGREE 这两种工具，对所提出的方法进行了绿色评估，并与其他报道的方法进行了比较。
