Bae Jiwoong, Zhu Zhuoying, Yan Jiajun, Kim Dong-Min, Ko Youngmin, Jain Anubhav, Helms Brett A
The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Sci Adv. 2023 Aug 11;9(32):eadh9020. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9020.
Deconstructing solid-state batteries (SSBs) to physically separated cathode and solid-electrolyte particles remains intensive, as does the remanufacturing of cathodes and separators from the recovered materials. To address this challenge, we designed supramolecular organo-ionic (ORION) electrolytes that are viscoelastic solids at battery operating temperatures (-40° to 45°C) yet are viscoelastic liquids above 100°C, which enables both the fabrication of high-quality SSBs and the recycling of their cathodes at end of life. SSBs implementing ORION electrolytes alongside Li metal anodes and either LFP or NMC cathodes were operated for hundreds of cycles at 45°C with less than 20% capacity fade. Using a low-temperature solvent process, we isolated the cathode from the electrolyte and demonstrated that refurbished cells recover 90% of their initial capacity and sustain it for an additional 100 cycles with 84% capacity retention in their second life.
将固态电池（SSB）拆解为物理分离的阴极和固体电解质颗粒仍然十分困难，从回收材料中重新制造阴极和隔膜也是如此。为应对这一挑战，我们设计了超分子有机离子（ORION）电解质，其在电池工作温度（-40°C至45°C）下为粘弹性固体，但在100°C以上为粘弹性液体，这既能够制造高质量的固态电池，又能在电池寿命结束时回收其阴极。采用ORION电解质以及锂金属阳极和磷酸铁锂（LFP）或镍锰钴（NMC）阴极的固态电池在45°C下运行了数百个循环，容量衰减不到20%。通过低温溶剂工艺，我们将阴极与电解质分离，并证明翻新后的电池可恢复其初始容量的90%，并在第二次使用寿命中再维持100个循环，容量保持率为84%。
