Bott Kirsten N, Matheson Bryn E, Smith Ainsley C J, Tse Justin J, Boyd Steven K, Manske Sarah L
Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Aug 2;13(15):2572. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13152572.
Computed tomography (CT) offers advanced biomedical imaging of the body and is broadly utilized for clinical diagnosis. Traditionally, clinical CT scans have not been used for volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) assessment; however, computational advances can now leverage clinically obtained CT data for the secondary analysis of bone, known as opportunistic CT analysis. Initial applications focused on using clinically acquired CT scans for secondary osteoporosis screening, but opportunistic CT analysis can also be applied to answer research questions related to vBMD changes in response to various disease states. There are several considerations for opportunistic CT analysis, including scan acquisition, contrast enhancement, the internal calibration technique, and bone segmentation, but there remains no consensus on applying these methods. These factors may influence vBMD measures and therefore the robustness of the opportunistic CT analysis. Further research and standardization efforts are needed to establish a consensus and optimize the application of opportunistic CT analysis for accurate and reliable assessment of vBMD in clinical and research settings. This review summarizes the current state of opportunistic CT analysis, highlighting its potential and addressing the associated challenges.
计算机断层扫描（CT）可提供先进的人体生物医学成像，广泛用于临床诊断。传统上，临床CT扫描未用于骨体积密度（vBMD）评估；然而，随着计算技术的进步，现在可以利用临床获取的CT数据对骨骼进行二次分析，即机会性CT分析。最初的应用集中在使用临床获取的CT扫描进行继发性骨质疏松症筛查，但机会性CT分析也可用于回答与各种疾病状态下vBMD变化相关的研究问题。机会性CT分析有几个需要考虑的因素，包括扫描采集、对比增强、内部校准技术和骨分割，但在应用这些方法方面尚未达成共识。这些因素可能会影响vBMD测量结果，从而影响机会性CT分析的稳健性。需要进一步的研究和标准化努力来达成共识，并优化机会性CT分析在临床和研究环境中准确可靠评估vBMD的应用。本综述总结了机会性CT分析的现状，突出了其潜力并解决了相关挑战。
