Jańczuk-Grabowska Anna, Czernecki Tomasz, Brodziak Aneta
Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
Foods. 2023 Aug 2;12(15):2929. doi: 10.3390/foods12152929.
Given the availability of molecular tools, population studies increasingly include the gen-diet interactions in their considerations. The use of these interactions allows for the obtaining of more uniform research groups. In practice, this translates into the possibility of reducing the size of the research group while maintaining the precision of the research. The research results obtained in this way can be used to select certain ingredients and foods in a dietary intervention with a higher degree of personalisation. In both prophylaxis and dietary therapy of overweight and obesity, the proper selection of bioactive ingredients best suited to the given group of consumers is of key importance. Hence, the aim of the presented study was to assess the effectiveness of a dietary intervention with the use of lactoferrin (LF)-fortified yoghurt, in terms of the ability to regulate body weight and carbohydrate metabolism in individuals whose genomes contained single nucleotide polymorphisms that predisposed them to increased accumulation of fatty tissue and consequently overweight or obesity. A group of 137 participants (98 women and 37 men) of Polish origin were screened for the presence of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs993960-FTO gene, rs7903146-TCF7L2 gene, rs10830963-MTNR1B gene, and rs1121980-FTO gene). Subsequently, a group of 19 participants diagnosed with the presence of risk factors within said SNPs underwent a 21-day dietary intervention (crossover study) with the use of yoghurt fortified with lactoferrin (200 mg/day). The results of the study revealed a genetic difference between the Polish population and the European average, in terms of the SNPs analysed. The dietary intervention showed a statistically significantly higher efficiency in terms of body mass reduction ( = 0.000) and lowering the glycated haemoglobin ratio (HbA1c) ( = 0.000) when consuming specially prepared yoghurt containing lactoferrin, as compared to results registered for unfortified yoghurt. Given the above, yoghurt fortified with LF should be considered as a viable element of diet therapy in overweight and obese patients diagnosed with risk factors within the analysed polymorphisms.
鉴于分子工具的可用性，人群研究越来越多地将基因 - 饮食相互作用纳入其考量范围。利用这些相互作用能够获得更具同质性的研究群体。在实践中，这意味着在保持研究精度的同时，有可能缩小研究群体的规模。通过这种方式获得的研究结果可用于在饮食干预中更具个性化地选择某些成分和食物。在超重和肥胖的预防及饮食治疗中，为特定消费群体正确选择最适合的生物活性成分至关重要。因此，本研究的目的是评估食用乳铁蛋白（LF）强化酸奶的饮食干预对调节体重和碳水化合物代谢的有效性，这些个体的基因组中含有单核苷酸多态性，使他们易于脂肪组织积累增加，进而导致超重或肥胖。对一组137名波兰裔参与者（98名女性和37名男性）进行筛查，检测四种单核苷酸多态性（rs993960 - FTO基因、rs7903146 - TCF7L2基因、rs10830963 - MTNR1B基因和rs1121980 - FTO基因）的存在情况。随后，一组19名被诊断在上述单核苷酸多态性中存在风险因素的参与者接受了为期21天的饮食干预（交叉研究），食用添加了乳铁蛋白（200毫克/天）的酸奶。研究结果显示，在所分析的单核苷酸多态性方面，波兰人群与欧洲平均水平存在基因差异。与食用未强化酸奶的结果相比，食用特别制备的含乳铁蛋白酸奶时，饮食干预在减轻体重（P = 0.000）和降低糖化血红蛋白比率（HbA1c）（P = 0.000）方面显示出统计学上显著更高的效率。鉴于上述情况，对于被诊断在分析的多态性中存在风险因素的超重和肥胖患者，添加LF的酸奶应被视为饮食治疗的一个可行要素。
