Hashem Nesrein M, Hosny Nourhan S, El-Desoky Nagwa, Soltan Yosra A, Elolimy Ahmed A, Sallam Sobhy M A, Abu-Tor El-Sayed M
Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt.
Livestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jul 27;13(15):2432. doi: 10.3390/ani13152432.
A synbiotic composed of alginate nanoencapsulated prebiotic (pomegranate peel phytogenics) and multi-species probiotics (, , , and ) has been developed as a potential eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics. The physicochemical properties of the encapsulated synbiotic were evaluated, and its gastric and storage tolerance, as well as its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, were tested and compared to that of the non-encapsulated synbiotic (free synbiotic). The results showed that the prebiotic pomegranate peel ethanolic extract contained seven phenolic compounds, with cinnamic being the most abundant (13.26 µL/mL). Sodium alginate-CaCl nanocapsules were effective in encapsulating 84.06 ± 1.5% of the prebiotic's phenolic compounds and 98.85 ± 0.57% of the probiotics. The particle size of the alginate-CaCl nanoencapsulated synbiotic was 544.5 nm, and the polydispersity index and zeta potential values were 0.593 and -12.3 mV, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the alginate-CaCl nanoencapsulated synbiotic had high thermal stability at high temperatures, with only 2.31% of its weight being lost within the temperature range of 70-100 °C. The count of viable probiotics in the nanoencapsulated synbiotic was significantly higher than that in the free synbiotic after exposure to gastric acidity and storage for six months at room temperature. The percent inhibition values of the nanoencapsulated synbiotic and ascorbic acid (as a standard antioxidant) were comparable and significantly greater than those of the free synbiotic. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the nanoencapsulated synbiotic and ascorbic acid were significantly lower than those of the free synbiotic (3.96 ± 0.42 µg/mL and 4.08 ± 0.79 µg/mL for nanoencapsulated synbiotic and ascorbic acid, respectively, vs. 65.75 ± 2.14 µg/mL for free synbiotic). The nanoencapsulated synbiotic showed the highest significant antimicrobial activity against (ATCC 8739). Both the nanoencapsulated and free synbiotics showed antimicrobial activity against (ATCC 6538), similar to that of gentamicin, although the nanoencapsulated synbiotic showed significantly higher inhibition activity compared to the free synbiotic. The nanoencapsulated synbiotic showed antimicrobial activity comparable to gentamicin against (ATCC 90274), whereas the free synbiotic showed the least antimicrobial activity ( < 0.05). Both synbiotics showed significantly higher antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539) than gentamicin. Both synbiotics showed antifungal activity against and , with a stronger effect observed for the nanoencapsulated synbiotic. However, the activity of both synbiotics was significantly lower than that of fluconazole (an antifungal drug).
一种由藻酸盐纳米包裹益生元（石榴皮植物源成分）和多种益生菌（、、、和）组成的合生元已被开发出来，作为抗生素潜在的环保替代品。对包裹后的合生元的物理化学性质进行了评估，并测试了其对胃酸和储存的耐受性，以及其抗氧化和抗菌活性，并与未包裹的合生元（游离合生元）进行了比较。结果表明，益生元石榴皮乙醇提取物含有七种酚类化合物，其中肉桂酸含量最高（13.26微升/毫升）。海藻酸钠 - 氯化钙纳米胶囊有效地包裹了84.06±1.5%的益生元酚类化合物和98.85±0.57%的益生菌。海藻酸钠 - 氯化钙纳米包裹合生元的粒径为544.5纳米，多分散指数和zeta电位值分别为0.593和 - 12.3毫伏。热重分析表明，海藻酸钠 - 氯化钙纳米包裹合生元在高温下具有高热稳定性，在70 - 100°C温度范围内仅损失2.31%的重量。在暴露于胃酸并在室温下储存六个月后，纳米包裹合生元中 viable 益生菌的数量显著高于游离合生元。纳米包裹合生元和抗坏血酸（作为标准抗氧化剂）的抑制百分比值相当，且显著高于游离合生元。纳米包裹合生元和抗坏血酸的半数最大抑制浓度（IC50）显著低于游离合生元（纳米包裹合生元和抗坏血酸分别为3.96±0.42微克/毫升和4.08±0.79微克/毫升，而游离合生元为65.75±2.14微克/毫升）。纳米包裹合生元对（ATCC 8739）显示出最高的显著抗菌活性。纳米包裹和游离合生元对（ATCC 6538）均显示出抗菌活性，与庆大霉素相似，尽管纳米包裹合生元的抑制活性显著高于游离合生元。纳米包裹合生元对（ATCC 90274）显示出与庆大霉素相当的抗菌活性，而游离合生元的抗菌活性最低（<0.05）。两种合生元对伤寒沙门氏菌（ATCC 6539）的抗菌活性均显著高于庆大霉素。两种合生元对和均显示出抗真菌活性，纳米包裹合生元的效果更强。然而，两种合生元的活性均显著低于氟康唑（一种抗真菌药物）。
